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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
actinomycetes
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Gram-positive bacteria that tend to form filaments
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amantadine
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An antiviral agent that prevents penetration by influenza A viruses
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aminoglycoside
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An antimicrobial agent that blocks bacterial protein synthesis
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antagonism
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The decreased effect when two antibiotics are administered together
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antimetabolite
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A substance that prevents a cell from carrying out an important metabolic reaction
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antimicrobial agent
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A chemotherapeutic agent used to treat diseases caused by microbes
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broad spectrum
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Referrring to the range of activity of an antimicrobial agent that attacks a wide variety of microorganisms
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carbapenem
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A bactericidal antibiotic that acts on bacterial cell walls
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cephalosporin
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An antibacterial agent that inhibits cell wall synthesis
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chemotaxis
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A nonrandom movement of an organism toward or away from a chemical
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chemotherapeutic index
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The maximum tolerable dose of a particular drug per kilogram body weight divided by the minimum dose per kilogram body weight that will cure the disease
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chemotherapy
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The use of chemical substances to treat various aspects of disease
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chloramphenicol
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A bacteriostatic agent that inhibits protein synthesis
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chloroquine
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An antiprotozoan agent effective against the malaria parasite
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chromosomal resistance
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Drug resistance of a microorganism due to a mutation in chromosomal DNA
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cross-resistance
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Resistance against two or more similar antimicrobial agents through a common mechanism
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dilution method
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A method of testing antibiotic sensitivity in which organisms are incubated in a series of tubes containing known quantities of a chemotherapeutic agent
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disk diffusion method
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(also called Kirby- Bauer method) A method used to determine microbial sensitivity to antimicrobial agents in which antibiotic disks are placed on an inoculated Petri dish, incubated, and observed for inhibition of growth
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erythromycin
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An antibacterial agent that has a bacteriostatic effect on protein synthesis
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ethambutol
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An antibacterial agent effective against certain strains of mycobacteria
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griseofulvin
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An antifungal agent that interferes with fungal growth
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imidazole
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An antifungal agent that disrupts fungal plasma membranes
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isoniazid
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An antimetabolite that is bacteriostatic against the tuberculosis-causing mycobacterium
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macrolide
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A large-ring compound, such as erythromycin, that is antibacterial by affecting protein synthesis
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mebendazole
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An antihelminthic agent that blocks glucose uptake by parasitic roundworms
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metronidazole
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An antiprotozoan agent effective against Trichomonas infections
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minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
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The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that kills microorganisms, as indicated by absence of growth following subculturing in the dilution method
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minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
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The lowest concentration of an antimicrobial agent that prevents growth in the dilution method of determining antibiotic sensitivity
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molecular mimicry
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Imitation of the behavior of a normal molecule by an antimetabolite
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narrow spectrum
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The range of activity of an antimicrobial agent that attacks only a few kinds of microorganisms
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niclosamide
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An antihelminthic agent that interferes with carbohydrate metabolism
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nitrofuran
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An antibacterial drug that damages cellular respiratory systems
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notifiable disease
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A disease that a physician is required to report to public health officials
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penicillin
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An antibacterial agent that inhibits cell wall synthesis
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polyene
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An antifungal agent that increases membrane permeability
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polymyxin
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An antibacterial agent that disrupts the cell membrane
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portal of entry
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A site at which microorganisms can gain access to body tissues
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primaquine
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An antiprotozoan agent that interferes with a protein synthesis
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quinine
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An antiprotozoan agent used to treat malaria
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quinolone
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A bactericidal agent that inhibits DNA replication
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resistance
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The ability of a microorganism to remain unharmed by an antimicrobial agent
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reverse transcription
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An enzyme found in retroviruses that copies RNA into DNA
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rickettsialpox
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Mild rickettsial disease with symptoms resembling those of chickenpox; caused by Rickettsia akari and carried by mites found on house mice
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selective toxicity
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The ability of an antimicrobial agent to harm microbes without causing significant damage to the host
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semisynthetic drug
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An antimicrobial agent made partly by laboratory synthesis and partly by microorganisms
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serum killing power
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Test used to determine effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent in which a bacterial suspension is added to the serum of a patient who is receiving an antibiotic and incubated
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spectrum of activity
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Refers to the range of different microbes against which an antimicrobial agent is effective
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streptomycetes
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Gram-positive, filamentous, sporing, soil-dwelling bacteria; producer of many antibiotics
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streptomycin
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An antibacterial agent that blocks protein synthesis
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sulfonamide
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(also called sulfa drug) A synthetic, bacteriostatic agent that blocks the synthesis of folic acid
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superinfection
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A secondary infection from the removal of normal microbiota, allowing colonization by pathogenic, and often antibiotic-resistant, microbes
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synergism
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Referring to an inhibitory effect produced by two antibiotics working together that is greater than either can achieve alone
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synthetic drug
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An antimicrobial agent synthesized chemically in the laboratory
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tetracycline
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An antibacterial agent that inhibits protein synthesis
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therapeutic dosage level
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Level of drug dosage that successfully eliminates a pathogenic organism if maintained over a period of time
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toxic dosage level
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Amount of a drug necessary to cause host damage
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tyrocidin
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An antibacterial agent that disrupts cell membranes
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zone of inhibition
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A clear area that appears on agar in the disk diffusion method, indicating where the agent has inhibited growth of the organism
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