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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mitochondria structure
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inner and outer membrane -
inner memb. = cristate, ETC, immpermeable to H+ Innermembrane space = high [H+] Matrix = TCA cycle, Mt DNA, ribosomes, RNA |
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Marker for mitochondria/energy usage
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succinate dehydrogenase
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cytoplasmis inclusions
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energy stores = glycogen & lipid droplets
NOT BOUND BY A MEMBRANE!! |
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What type of ribosome makes cytosolic and membrane-bound/secreted proteins respectively?
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cytosolic = free ribos
membrane/secreted = RER bound ribos |
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In what organelle are disulfide bonds formed, core glycosolation begun, and sorting and quality checked?
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RER
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In what organelle are steroids made, hormones/alcohol/drugs neutralized, and membrane phospholipids made?
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SER
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All lysosomal enzymes are ____ dependent and targeted from the Golgi to the lysosome by the addition of the _____ molecule and sent to the lysosome via a _____-coated vesicle.
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pH
M6P clatherin |
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3 autophagic pathways
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macro (nonspecific, for organelles)
Micro (nonspecific, for cytoplasmic proteins) Chaperone (selective for proteins) |
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Lipofuscine Granules (lysosomal residual bodies)
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undigested substrate that accumulates in lysosomes
associated with disease (I-cell!) |
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Proteasomes are found in the ____ and _____. They destroy ____ or _____ proteins. They are mediated by ligases that add a poly-chain of _____ to target the protein for degradation
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cytoplasm and nucleus
misfolded or denatured UB |
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Which organelles is encased in a single membrane and is responsible for degrading fatty acids? What enzymes is found in this organelle?
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peroxisome
catalase (breaks down H2O2 - a byproduct) |
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Which type of endocytosis is actin dependent and mediated by Fc receptors (i.e. Ab receptors)?
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phagocytosis
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Where is all cargo that is receptor-mediated-endocytosed in the cell initially targeted to for sorting?
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early endosoem
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Give the order of the 4 series of vesicles that the cargo of a claterin-coated vesicle will fuse with if it is destined for degradation
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early endosome (lower pH causes receptor to disociate from cargo) -> multivesicular bodies -> late endosome (contain H+ pumps to begin to acidify compartment) -> Lysosome
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What are the 2 forms of exocytosis?
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Constitutive (protein secreted is always be secreted)
Regulated (some external stimulus is needed to cause secretion of protein) |
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What organelle is the primary sorting station for protein trafficking? What are its 3 primary routes? What part of the protein controls its trafficking?
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Trans Golgi Network
apical PM, Basolateral PM, lysosome signal peptide |
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COP II coat
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RER to Cis Golgi
(Anterograde) |
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COP I coat
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Cis Golgi to RER
(Retrograde) |
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Clatherin coat
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several routes - including receptor mediated endocytosis, lysosome targeting
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Retromer coat
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endosome to golgi
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The ____ ___ selects cargo for vesicular transport and deforms the membrane. _____ proteins bring the vesicle close to the target membrane and contribute to specificity. _____ promote membrane fusion and ensure specificity.
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coat complex
tether SNAREs |
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How does the HIV virus use intracellular tracking to avert antigen presentation?
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uses a Nef adaptor protein that recruits clatherin to coat the vesicle - prevents transcytosis and instead causes antigen to get degraded
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What 2 structures are necessary for chromosome compaction during mitosis?
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Condensins replacing cohesins
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Necrosis
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pathologic uncontrolled death
cell swelling, rupture of plasma membrane and nucleus, release of cyt. C from mitochondria may cause inflammation |
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Apoptosis
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programmed cell death
DNA fragmentation, cell blebbing, cell shrinking, release of cyt. C from mitochondria |
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As cholestral increases, membrane fluidity and thus cell signaling and transport will _____
As [unsaturated FA] increases, membrane fluidity and thus cell signaling and transport will _____ |
decrease
increase |
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A ___ is domain of lipids and proteins that fxns as a signaling complex
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lipid raft
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What is the fibrous network portion of the nuclear envelope? What layer of the envelope does this network support?
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Nuclear Lamina
inner membrane |
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_____ is active DNA; it stains ______ and can be found in/at the _____ of the nucleus.
_____ is inactive DNA; its stains ____ and can be found in/at the _____ of the nuclues. |
euchromatin - light - center
heterochromatin - dark - periphery |
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How nuclear pores are receptor-mediated?
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recongnize karyopherins (importins/exportins) with nucleotide sequences (NLS/NES)
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What does nuclear lamina (Lamin A) directly regulate? How?
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cell fate
via regulation of chromosome structure and expression |
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Components of nucleolus
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Fibrillar (nucleolema) = FC (rRNA, RNA pol, TF's), & F/DFC (genes being transcribed)
Granular = G/GC (where ribosomes are assembled) |
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In cell division, _____ arrange chromosome at the metaphase plate. As such, ______chemotherapeutics target this cytoskeletal element.
Another cytoskeletal element important to division is ___ which causes cytokinesis. |
MT
anti-mitotic MF |
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What are the 3 MTOC that MT's grow from
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centrosomes
basal bodies golgi |