Mcb 3020C Chapter 2

Front 1

Phylogeny?

Back 1

permits grouping of organisms based on the evolutionary lines of descent

Front 2

Taxonomy?

Back 2

groups organisms for convenience of laboratory study and hence focuses on phenotypic differences

Front 3

Linean System?

Back 3

Animalia: motile, nonphotosynthetic

Plantae: nonmotile, photosynthetic

Front 4

Haeckel System?

Back 4

Animalia, Plantae, Protista

Front 5

Haeckel's Protista

Back 5

Simple Organization: Protista are:
Unicellular, or if muticellular, they do not develop differentiated tissues (do not have systems of different cell types performing different functions)

Protista included algae, fungi, protozoa and bacteria, including blue-green “algae” (cyanobacteria)

Front 6

Haeckel's Protista were divided by Stainer due to the electron microscope into two subdivisions...

Back 6

-Higher Protista (eukaryotic cell structure): Cells similar to those of higher plants and animals and included algae, protozoa and fungi. Eukaryotes - cellular organisms having a membrane bound nucleus where the genome is stored.
-Lower Protista (prokaryotic cell structure): a simplified cell structure that included blue-green algae (more properly, cyaobacteria) and bacteria

Front 7

Whittaker's 5 kingdoms?
Sub-grouping (indicated by *)?

Back 7

monera
protista
plantae*
fungi*
animalia*

* = eukaryotic and multicellular

Front 8

Whittaker's Monera?

Back 8

Prokaytotic & unicellular includes *bacteriax, *blue-green algaex (cyanobacteria)

Front 9

Whittaker's Protista?

Back 9

Eukaryotic & unicellular includes *algae+ & *protozoa+

Front 10

Whittaker's Plantae?

Back 10

Photosynthesis

Front 11

Whittaker's Fungi?

Back 11

Absorption

Front 12

Whittaker's Animalia?

Back 12

Ingestion

Front 13

Woese's 3 Domains classified through the use of?

Back 13

-ribsomal RNA

-Bacteria (Eubacteria) = all prokaryotes
-Archaea = All prokaryotes
-Eukarya = All Eukaryotes

Front 14

Ex of Differential stain?

Back 14

Gram +/-

Front 15

Structural stains?

Back 15

Spore, capsule, flagellum

Front 16

After preparing smear, drying in air, and heat fixing, what is the next step in preparation? Result on bacteria?

Back 16

Flood the smear with crystal violet.

All cells are purple

Front 17

After flooding with crystal violet, add _____ and the result is?

Back 17

iodine solution

All cells are purple

Front 18

After adding iodine you ______________? Result?

Back 18

decolorize with alcohol

Gram positive cells are purple
gram negative cells are colorless

Front 19

After decolorizing with alcohol you ___________? Result?

Back 19

Counterstain with safranin

Gram positive cells are purple
gram negative cells are pink/red

Front 20

Cultural Characteristics?

Back 20

macroscopic appearance of groth

ie broth, deeps, slants, colonies

Front 21

Biochemical & Physiological Properties of classification and identification?

Back 21

Classification at enzyme level

most classification is done at this level

Front 22

Serological properties of classification and identification?

Back 22

Immunological, antibodies, etc

Front 23

Gene studies of classification and identification?

Back 23

GC/AT ratios, hybridization, sequence analysis

Front 24

Naming procedure?

Back 24

1.) First letter of genus name is always capitalized
2.) Species name is not capitalized
3.) Genus AND Species names are always italicized (or underlined)

Front 25

Average size of a prokaryotic cell?

Back 25

1 micrometer

Front 26

Acellular distinguishing characteristics of viruses

Back 26

DNA OR RNA (not both) + Protein coat

Front 27

Exception to viruses classification?

Back 27

Mimivirus has BOTH DNA AND RNA

Front 28

Acellular distinguishing characteristics of Viroids

Back 28

Only RNA and no protein coat

Front 29

Acellular distinguishing characteristics of Prions

Back 29

Only polypeptides/protein and no protein coat

Front 30

Two unique properties of mimivirus?

Back 30

Abnormally large genome size

Has both DNA and RNA (viruses typically only have one or the other)