Mcb 3020C Chapter 1

Front 1

Study of bacteria? Includes?

Back 1

Bacteriology

Includes eubacteria and archaebacteria

Front 2

Study of Viruses? Also includes? All are?

Back 2

Virology

Includes viroids and prions

All are acelluar

Front 3

Study of Algae?

Study of Protozoa?

Study of Fungi?

Back 3

Phycology

Protozoology

Mycology

Front 4

Subdisciplines of Medical MCB:
Pathogenic Microbiology?

Diagnostic Microbiology?

Veterinary Microbiology?

Back 4

-host-parasite interactions

-diagnosis of which microorganisms are causative agent of infectious disease

- infectious disease of animals

Front 5

In _______ more Americans died than were killed in WWI, WWII, Korean, and Vietnam Wars. Know as the________

Back 5

1918-1919; the Spanish flu

Front 6

one of greatest killers. 10 million people killed in history. Brought to New World by Spanish. Aztecs susceptible. Vaccination: No new cases since 1977.

Back 6

Small pox

Front 7

1/3 pop. of Europe (25 mil) died during one epidemic (1346-50). Antibiotics have now controlled. Lines on ships to dock?

Back 7

-Black Plague
-Disks were placed on the lines on ship docks to prevent the rats that spread the plague from climbing on to the ship via the ship lines and transporting the disease.

Front 8

Old Definition of Industrial microbio? New Definition?

Back 8

-Old: study of fermentation processes (alcohol and production of beer and wine)
-New: conversion of raw materials into desirable end products by selected microorganisms (large scale)

Front 9

Primary metabolites in industrial microbiology?

Back 9

production of products necessary for microbial growth like amino acids, organic acids, alcohol, certain enzymes, etc

Front 10

Secondary metabolites in industrial microbiology?

Back 10

production of products by the microorganisms not necessary for its growth; like antibiotics, steroids, ethanol,etc

Front 11

___________ converts into many different types of PCN antibiotics

Back 11

6 aminopenicillanic

Front 12

Products now made using the new genetic engineering techniques to produce products cheaply.
First human protein mass produced via microorganisms?
Led to new subdiscipline _________?

Back 12

-Human Insulin
-Biotechnology

Front 13

Most important impact of microorganisms?

Back 13

The use of microorganisms as model systems

Front 14

Advances in ____________ gave rise to the era of molecular biology and biotechnology

Back 14

bacterial genetics

Front 15

1980 Wall Street; transfers genes into rapidly growing microorganism?

________ means within the living

Back 15

-Genentech, Inc.

-in vivo

Front 16

Two examples of how biotechnology impacted medicine?

Back 16

-Interferons

-Somatostatin

Front 17

Invariant Structures?

Back 17

all cells have this: cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, RNA

Front 18

Are 80S ribosomes invariant?

Back 18

No. Ribosomes are invariant but the "S" value is variable.

Front 19

Variant structures

Back 19

cell wall, mitochondria, chloroplast

Front 20

Properties of all cells?

Back 20

metabolism
reproduction
regeneration (repair and replacement)
evolution

Front 21

____________ defines compartment that makes up the Cell (invariant structure): not closed system; semipermeable

Back 21

Cell membrane

Front 22

-Origin of cellular life was______?

-_______ began oxygenation ___ bya?

-Current oxygen levels not achieved until ________ years ago

Back 22

-3.8 bya

-cyanobacteria; 3bya

-500-800 million

Front 23

_____% of Earth’s History was exclusively microbial

Back 23

-80%

Front 24

Who had the first observation of bacteria and in what year?

Back 24

1684 Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Front 25

Who introduced the small pox vaccination and in what year?

Back 25

1798 Jenner

Front 26

Who resolved the problem of spontaneous generation and in what year?

Back 26

1864 Pasteur

Front 27

Who grew a pure culture of anthrax?

Back 27

1881 Koch

Front 28

-Magnification of Leeuwenhoek’s microscope?
-Current Lab Microscope?
-Average coccus size?

Back 28

-250x; never greater than 300x; 0.8um resolution
-1000x; 0.2um
-0.75micrometers

Front 29

Resolving power equations?

Back 29

diameter of smallest resolvable object = wavelength/ 2 X NA

Front 30

microbial systematics?

Back 30

classification and nomenclature

Front 31

Microbial Ecology?

Back 31

microbial diversity and activity in natural habitats; biogeochemistry

Front 32

Microbial physiology?

Back 32

nutrition and metabolism

Front 33

Cytology?

Back 33

the branch of biology concerned with the structure and function of plant and animal cells

Front 34

Molecular Biology?

Back 34

Study of nucleic acids and proteins

Front 35

Biotechnology?

Back 35

production of human proteins by genetically engineered microorganisms

Front 36

Three things needed for microbiology to develop as a science?

Back 36

Microscopy

sterilization and aseptic techniques

pure cultures

Front 37

1845 Berkley?

Back 37

mold causes Irish potato blight

Front 38

_______ and _______ showed evidence for the importance of asepsis, leading to Koch's postulates

Back 38

Semmelweis and Lister

Front 39

Koch developed his postulates using _____? Is it spore forming?

Back 39

Anthrax

yes

Front 40

Koch's Postulate #1

Back 40

The suspected pathogenic organism should be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals

Front 41

Koch's Postulate #2

Back 41

The suspected organism should be grown in pure culture away from the animal’s body

Front 42

Koch's Postulate #3

Back 42

Such a culture when inoculated into susceptible animals, should initiate the characteristic disease symptoms

Front 43

Koch's Postulate #4

Back 43

The organism should be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original

Front 44

Is postulate 1 always true?

Back 44

no