Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Influenza is caused by the.......
|
Influenza Virus
|
|
|
Virus that is enveloped and keeps on changing?
|
Cause: Influenza Virus
|
|
|
Viral diseases of the respiratory tract include ....
|
Influenza and the Common cold
|
|
|
Cuase of Influenza is also because of
1. 2. 3. |
Antigenic Variation
Antigenic shift Antigenic drift |
|
|
Antigenic Variation-
Antigenic Shift- Antigenic Drift- |
Swap genetic info between diff. species
human-bird-pig 2. sometimes 3. drift all the time |
|
|
Symptoms: Fever, muscle aches myalgia, sneezing, coughing
|
Influenza Symptoms
|
|
|
Cause of major pandemic in 1918.
|
Flu
|
|
|
Complications of influenza...
|
Immunosuppressive
|
|
|
Treatment for influenza....
|
Amantadine, Rimantodine, Relenza & Tamiflu
|
|
|
Prevention for influenza...
|
Influenza vaccine
|
|
|
For the common cold there are 200 different types of Viruses, including...
|
The most common
Rhinoviruses Coronaviruses |
|
|
symptoms are variable and include....
|
Nasal obstruction, Nasal discharge and sneezing most common..... NO FEVER !
|
|
|
Viral diseases of the lower respiratory tract
|
CROUP ( acute larynogotracheobronchitis)
|
|
|
Parainfluenza Virus is the cause of
|
CROUP
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of CROUP...
|
Virus travels from upper to lower respiratory tract
|
|
|
Breathing difficulty and Hoarse BARKING cough but not that dangerous with children.
|
Symptoms of CROUP
|
|
|
List the differences of the common cold and the flu.
|
...
|
|
|
General concept of Viral diseases of the skin...
|
Different paths through the body.
From Contact, Blood, or Nerves---- to the skin. |
|
|
Symptoms of Viral diseases of the skin.
|
-Macules
-Papules -& Vesicles |
|
|
Herpes infection HSV-1 and HSV-2.
|
Often asymptomatic
General symptoms--- Vesicle- Ulcer-Crust- |
|
|
Herpes is infamous for its ability to hid within the body known as ...
|
Latency
|
|
|
Virus filled blister
|
Vesicle
|
|
|
Thickening of skin, sticks up, ex. would be a wart
|
Papules
|
|
|
little red spots, rashes,
ex. measles. |
Macules
|
|
|
-usually caused by HSV-1
-PRIMARY Infection -seen in children -Lesions around mouth NOT LIFE THREATENING |
Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
|
|
|
Usually caused by HSV-1
- RECURRENT Infection -Latent in _______ ______. -Symptoms Lesions around mouth |
Recuurent Infection that is latent in the Trigeminal Nerve.
Herpes Labialis |
|
|
This viral disease of the eye is caused by Auto innoculation where..
|
Itch cold sore on mouth then itch your own eye.
(Herpes Keratoconjuctivitis) |
|
|
Symptoms include *Dendritic lesion
- Blurred vision can recur. Can cause BLINDNESS- every time it comes back form latency it causes more damage. |
(Herpes Keratoconjuctivitis)
|
|
|
Cause- V aricella Zoster Virus
|
Chicken Pox
|
|
|
Transmission: is respiratory and CONTACT
Pathogenesis: URI- Blood- Skin |
Chicken Pox
|
|
|
Ususally caused by HSV-1 and Keratitis involves cornea.
|
(Herpes Keratoconjuctivitis)
|
|
|
Symptoms of Chicken Pox
|
-Not really fatal
-Vesicles(infection filled), and *Common Cold symptoms. |
|
|
Complications with Chicken Pox......and Prevention..?
|
Immunosuppression
Vaccine. |
|
|
As an adult chicken pox is very severe w/out a vaccination.
|
Facts
|
|
|
Cause of this Viral disease of the skin is the reactivation of the latent Varicella Zoster Virus.
|
Shingles
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of Shingles
|
Virus travels to skin along NERVE.
|
|
|
Symptoms of Shingles
|
Typically one time event.
Horrible NERVE pain Vesicles w/ red background w/ in Dermatome(block of skin in particular to disease) |
|
|
The measle virus will give you the .....
|
Measles
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of the measles virus
|
URI--Blood--Skin
Maculopapular rash. |
|
|
Complications w/ the Measles
|
Significantly immunosuppression, neurological infections from no treatment and no drugs
|
|
|
Prevention for Measles----
|
MMR vacination
|
|
|
The Rubella Virus causes---
|
The Rubella--German Measles
|
|
|
pathogenesis for Rubella is the same as measles
|
URI--Blood--Skin
Maculopapular Rash |
|
|
Complications with Rubella...
|
Congenital Rubella, low birth weight & defects of the eye, ears and heart.
|
|
|
Prevention of Rubella is the same as Measles---
|
MMR vacination
|
|
|
The cause of Warts is the the ----
|
Papilloma Virus (HPV)
|
|
|
Transmission of HPV
Pathogenesis of HPV |
Contact &
Virus causes hyperplasia of the skin cells |
|
|
Symptoms of HPV
|
Papules-- Warts
|
|
|
The Mumps is caused by the ....
|
Mumps Virus in the salivary glands
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of the Mumps
|
Srats as URI--Blood-- then to various organs
|
|
|
Symptoms of Mumps
|
Swollen paritid glands
Orchitis in adult males - Pain in the testes |
|
|
Prevention for the Mumps
|
MMR vaccine
|
|
|
Hepatitis A
|
Mild disease, low fatality and cause is the Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
|
|
|
Transmission for HAV
|
Enteric
|
|
|
Syptoms of HAV
|
-Asymptomatic or Jaundice
-Abdominal discomfortand -Mild anorexia |
|
|
Prevention of HAV
(from contaminated food and water) |
-Good hygeine
-Passive immunization -Vaccine |
|
|
Cuase of Hepatitis B Virus
|
Serum of infected person contains viruses and viral particles
|
|
|
Numbers are huge--
|
up to a trillion per milliter of blood
|
|
|
Transmission of HBV
|
-Blood & Blood products,
-Sexual contact STD -Mother to child thru placenta |
|
|
Facts of HBV
|
-There is a 80% recovery and the 1% of people who get it will die.
-Some have chronic Hepatitis B |
|
|
Symptoms of HBV
|
Acute or chronic Infection
|
|
|
Compications with HBV & Treatment
|
-Liver cancer &
-(dangerous) Alpha Interferon treatment |
|
|
Prevention for HBV
|
Component Vaccine
|
|
|
Transmission of HCV
|
Blood and Blood produtcs
|
|
|
Symptoms of HCV
|
High incidence of chronic disease leading to chirrosis of the liver
|
|
|
Treatment for HCV
|
Alpha Interferon
30 to 50% stay within the body. |
|
|
Another way to get Hepatitis B & C is with...
|
Tattoos and Body piercings
|
|
|
Delta Hepatitis is caused by....
|
Delta particle (defective Virus)
- requires more co-infection w/ Hepatitis B Virus |
|
|
Symptoms with Delta Hepatitis are more....
|
Severe
-You cant get Delta Hepatitis w/out Hepatitis B. |
|
|
-The cause of Hepatitis E is the ...
-Transmission is.. -Symptoms? |
-Hepatitis E Virus (HEV)
-Enteric - High Mortality |
|
|
Hepatitis G cause...
-Transmission -Symptoms? |
HGV
-Blood - are Mild |
|
|
Viral Gastroenteritis
|
-Caused by the Rotavirus or the Norwalk family of viruses(AKA noroviruses)
|
|
|
Viral Gastroenteritis
-Symptoms? -Prevention & Treatment? |
very common disease
-diarrhea -good hygiene while there is a vaccine under study |
|
|
Viral diseases of the Digestive System
|
-Mumps
-Viral Hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,G) -Viral gastroenteritis |
|
|
Viral Diseases of the Skin and Eyes
|
-Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
-Herpes Labialis -Chicken Pox (Varicella) -Shingles -Measles -Rubella -Warts |
|
|
Viral diseases of the Nervous System
|
-Rabies
-Viral Encephalitis -Guillain-Barre' Syndrome -Reyes Syndrome |
|
|
Transmission of the Rabies virus
|
Saliva
Disease of animals(just mammals) |
|
|
pathogenesis of Rabies
|
Peripheral Nerves -->CNS-->
Salivary glands-->Destroys Neurons |
|
|
Rabies Treatment?
Prevention? |
-Vaccine, Immnunization
-Vaccine, or 100% fatality rate *You have 1 month of keeping virus out of CNS |
|
|
Arbooviral encephalitis
|
Encephalitis caused by mosquito-bourne viruses
|
|
|
Cause of Arboviral Encephalitis?
|
Many & including West Nile encephalitis
|
|
|
Transmission of ARBO
|
By mosquitos, hosts are small mammals and birds
|
|
|
Symptoms of ARBO?
|
-Range from mild to -->
Convulsions or seizures- *Often high fatality rate |
|
|
Syndrome?
|
A set of symptoms w/out known cause.
|
|
|
Cause: Associated w/ certain Viral Infections
Mechanisms: possibly Auto Immune Symptoms: Progressive paralysis |
Guillain Barre' Syndrome
|
|
|
-Cause: associated w/ certain viral infections
-Symptoms: damage to brain and liver* Can be fatal |
Reye's Syndrome
|
|
|
-Occurence: in children & adolescents--> assoc. w/ asprin use
|
Reye's Syndrome
|
|
|
Viral disseminated & cardiovascular Diseases
|
-Infectous Mononucleosis
-Yellow fever -Viral Hemorrhaghic fevers -Cytomagalovirus (CMV) -*HIV |
|
|
Cause: Epstein BARR virus
|
Infectious Mononucleosis
|
|
|
-Transmission: Saliva
-Symptoms: FEVER, Swollen lymph nodes, sore throat (classic), & fatigue |
Infectious Mononucleosis
|
|
|
Cause: yellow fever virus
Transmission? Symptoms? |
-Mosquito
-Jaundice, FEVER |
|
|
AKA Hepatitis D
|
Delta Hepatitis
|
|
|
Common member of the Herpesvirus Family
|
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
|
|
|
-Common virus usually asymptomatic
-Serious disease primarily seen in: Infants & Immunosuppressed |
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
|
|
|
HIV is caused by HIV-1 and HIV-2
|
HIV-1 more deadly
HIV-2 found in Africa, milder disease |
|
|
Continued HIV cause:
|
-Retroviruses in the body convert RNA to--> DNA
-Surface Antigens change |
|
|
Transmission of HIV
|
-Blood and Blood products
-sexual contact -Mother to child |
|
|
HIV mechanisms
|
-From Latency when virus reactivates at times & replicates then drugs can get to it.
-Latent Virus remains in some Helper T cells & can later infect the body |
|
|
HIV mechanisms
|
Drugs cant reach Latent Virus in T cells. Leads to Loss of helper T cells and progression of disease.
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of HIV
|
Reproduction in Helper T cells
helper T cells are getting a double hit from virus & Tc cells attacking it. |
|
|
patho HIV
|
Helper T cells are the center of the immune system and needed to activate other cells
|
|
|
patho HIV
|
Frequent Viral and parasitic infections due to no Helper T cell activation.
|
|
|
patho HIV
|
Tuberculosis common due to collaspe in Immune system
|
|
|
Treatment HIV
|
-Various drugs
Protease Inhibitors -AZT, ddI, ddC |
|
|
Prevention HIV
|
-Safe sex and vaccines under study
****hard to get vaccine due to changing antigens and virus that attaches to Immune system |
|
|
Viral Genitourinary Diseases
|
-Genital Herpes
-Genital Warts |
|
|
Complications with HSV-2
|
Neonatal Herpes
*exposure to herpes during pregnancy *or can be infected through the placenta, *or thru birth canal |
|
|
Treatment for HSV-2
|
Acyclovir
|
|
|
Cause: HSV-2
Symptoms: Vessicles(fluid filled), erupt--> crust over. Reactivates. Latency |
HSV-2
|
|
|
Cause: Certain papilloma viruses
Symptoms: Warts |
Genital Warts
|
|
|
Complications with Warts
|
Cervical Cancer
|
|
|
Treatment?
Prevention? |
-Surgery, interferon
-Safe sex, Vaccine |
|
|
The transmission of herpetic Keratoconjuctivitis involves....
|
contact (auto innoculation) from a lesion elsewhere in the body
|
|
|
Rabies has a long incubation period because?
|
the virus travels slowly up the peripheral nerves to the spinal cord
|
|
|
Difficult breathing and Hoarse barking are signs or symptoms of?
|
CROUP
|
|
|
This Virus causes the death of helper T cells
|
HIV
|
|
|
Eating or drinking water that was contaminated by human feces might lead to infection by....
|
Hepatitis A or B
|
|
|
A combination of damage to the liver, kidneys, and CNS is due to
|
Yellow Fever
|
