Mcb2004 Ch.15

Front 1

What do hyaluronidase and kinase have in common?

Back 1

They are both enzymes involved in evading host defense

Front 2

According to your concept map, which of the following organisms exhibits antigenic variation?

A. N. gonorrheae
B. H. influenzae
C. S. pneumoniae
D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Back 2

A. N. gonorrheae

Front 3

Which of the following virulence factors could directly prevent phagocytosis and/or phagocytic degradation?

A. waxy lipids
B. M proteins
C. capsules
D. all of the above
E. none of the above

Back 3

D. all of the above

Front 4

Endotoxins are also known as

Back 4

Lipid A

Front 5

When would endotoxins be released from a bacterial cell?

Back 5

When the cell dies

Front 6

Which of the following would be the first sign of infection that resulted in the release of endotoxin?

A. pain
B. fever
C. nausea
D. weakness

Back 6

B. fever

Front 7

Why is a release of endotoxin into the bloodstream potentially deadly?

Back 7

It can lower blood pressure and cause the patient to go into shock

Front 8

An exotoxin has the ability to kill or damage host cells is referred to as an?

Back 8

cytotoxin

Front 9

Which domain of the A-B toxin binds to cell surface receptors on the host cells

Back 9

B domain

Front 10

How are superantigens different from other types of exotoxins?

Back 10

Superantigens cause an overstimualtion of the host immune system

Front 11

A person who attended a picnic early in the day develops a very high fever and is unresponsive by the evening. This person most likely has been exposed to a(n)

Back 11

superantigen

Front 12

A patient who has been hospitalized with uncontrolled muscle spasms has probably been infected with bacteria that secrete a(n)

Back 12

neurotoxin

Front 13

In mice, the LD50 for staphylococcal enterotoxin is 1350 ng/kg, and the LD50 for Shiga toxin is 250 ng/kg. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The parenteral route is the preferred portal entry for Shigella bacteria.
B. More organisms of Staphylococcal bacteria must be ingested to cause infection, as compared Shigella bacteria.
C. Shiga toxin is more lethal than staphylococcal enterotoxin.
D. Staphylococcal enterotoxin is the more lethal of the two toxins

Back 13

C. Shiga toxin is more lethal than staphylococcal enterotoxin

Front 14

Which of the following would be an example of an infection initiated via the parenteral route?

Back 14

An individual contracts hepatitis B from an accidental stick with a contaminated needle

Front 15

Which statement regarding endotoxins is true?

Back 15

One consequence of endotoxins is the activation of blood-clotting proteins.

Front 16

In which of the following cases would the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay be used?

Back 16

to ensure that a sterilized medical device is free of endotoxin

Front 17

Which of the following statements about adherence is true?

Back 17

Most bacterial adhesins are glycoproteins or lipoproteins.

Front 18

Which disease would be potentially propagated in an environment without functional plumbing and in which drinking water is contaminated with sewage?

Back 18

cholera

Front 19

Patients developed inflammation a few hours following eye surgery. Instruments and solutions were sterile, and the Limulus assay was positive. The patients inflammation was due to

Back 19

endotoxin

Front 20

Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by

Back 20

transduction

Front 21

Which organism in the table causes the most severe disease?

Back 21

It cannot be determined from the information provided

Front 22

Which organism in the table most easily causes an infection?

Bacterium ID50
E. coli O157:H7 20
Legionella pneumophila 1
Shigella 10
Treponema pallidum 57

Back 22

Legionella pneumophila

Front 23

the table shows the ID50 for Staphylococcus aureus in wounds with and without the administration of ampicillin before surgery. Based on the data, the administration of ampicillin before surgery ________________

Back 23

decreases the risk of staphylococcal infection.

Front 24

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Back 24

gram-negative bacterial infections.

Front 25

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Back 25

septic shock symptoms

Front 26

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells. If the gangliosides were removed,

Back 26

polypeptide B would not be able to enter the cells

Front 27

All of the following bacteria release endotoxin EXCEPT

Back 27

Clostridium botulinum.

Front 28

Polio is transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces containing polio virus. What portal of entry does polio virus use?

Back 28

mucous membranes only

Front 29

Symptoms of intense inflammation and shock occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to

Back 29

superantigens.

Front 30

Twenty-five people developed symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea three to six hours after attending a church picnic where they ate a ham and green bean casserole with cream sauce. The most likely cause of this case of food intoxication is

Back 30

erythrogenic toxin

Front 31

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen

Back 31

numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host, evasion of host defenses, and toxin production

Front 32

All of the following are used by bacteria to attach to host cells EXCEPT

Back 32

A-B toxins.

Front 33

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Back 33

Salmonella typhi

Front 34

Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce

Back 34

cytokines

Front 35

All of the following are examples of entry via the parenteral route EXCEPT

Back 35

hair follicles

Front 36

Which of the following is NOT a membrane-disrupting toxin?

A. leukocidin
B. streptolysin S
C. streptolysin O
D. hemolysin
E. A-B toxin

Back 36

E. A-B toxin

Front 37

Endotoxins are

Back 37

part of the gram-negative cell wall

Front 38

Which of the following statements about exotoxins is generally FALSE?

Back 38

They are resistant to heat

Front 39

All of the following contribute to a pathogens invasiveness EXCEPT

Back 39

toxins

Front 40

The ID50 is

Back 40

the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population