Mcat: Translation

Front 1

Define: Eukaryotic Translation

Back 1

Using:
1) A ribosome (including rRNA)
2) tRNA's coupled to amino acids
3) An mRNA transcript to make a peptide chain

Front 2

General function of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Translation

Back 2

A process in which mRNA issues orders that are read by the ribosome and carried out by molecules of tRNA coupled to amino acids.

Front 3

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation: Ribosomal

Back 3

Eukaryotic: Ribosome contains 40S and 60S subunit, making an 80S ribosome. They are synthesized in the nucleolus (site of rRNA synthesis via transcription, and where ribosomes are assembled from rRNA and proteins imported from the cytoplasm).

Prokaryotic: Ribosomes comprise 30S and 50S subunit, making a 70S ribosome.

Front 4

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation: Source of mRNA

Back 4

Eukaryotic: Transcription occurs in the nucleus, so after processing, the mRNA must move through nuclear pores from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. All Translational machinery in a eukaryote is housed in the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic: No nucleus, therefore no nuclear membrane. Transcription (mRNA synthesis) and Translation (protein/peptide synthesis) both occur in the cytoplasm.

Front 5

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation: 5' UTR

Back 5

Eukaryotic: Kozak Sequence.

Prokaryotic: Shine-Dalgarno Sequence. Located 10 nucleotides upstream of the start codon.

Both are similar in that they function generally in assembly of the translation initiation complex.

Front 6

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation: First Amino Acid

Back 6

Eukaryotic: Methionine (AUG) Codon sequence for Methionine can be found in other places too.

Prokaryotic: N-Formylmethionyl tRNA

Front 7

Nucleolus

Back 7

Site of rRNA synthesis and ribosome synthesis. Eukaryotic cells.

Front 8

Difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation: Timing of Transcription and Translation

Back 8

Eukaryotic: Cannot occer at the same time due to the different locations of the processes. Transcription and RNA processing = Nucleus. Translation = Cytoplasm/Cytosol. mRNA processing must take place between Transcription and Translation.

Prokaryotic: Once the 5' end of the transcript has been made by RNA Polymerase, it undergoes Translation. Transcription and Translation occur simultaneously - RNA Polymerase can be building the 3' end of the mRNA as ribosomes are already reading the 5' end of the mRNA.

Front 9

the initiation phase begins with what binding to what in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Back 9

Binding of a small ribosomal subunit to the mRNA.

Front 10

What happens to this sequence when it undergoes Transcription then translation?

5'-C G G-3'

Back 10

Transcribed:
Produces complementary mRNA molecule:

5'-C C G-3'

Translated:
The codon is presented at the ribosome's A site, where it is joined by the tRNA that carries the anticodon:

3'-G G C-5'

Front 11

Which sequences are written in a 5 -> 3
and which in a 3 -> 5?

Back 11

5 -> 3: DNA and mRNA sequences

3 -> 5: tRNA anticodon

Front 12

Definition of Genetic Code

Back 12

The association between each mRNA Codon and the amino acid for which it codes.

Front 13

Degenerate Genetic Code

Back 13

Means that more than one triplet codon can correspond to the same amino acid, part of the definition of the genetic code.

The Genetic code is degenerate!

Front 14

A codon is a nucleotide sequence situated on a molecule of ?

Back 14

mRNA