Mcat Review Missed Questions

Front 1

northern blot

Back 1

identifies target fragments of known RNA sequence in larger population of RNA

Front 2

southern blot

Back 2

identifies target fragments of known DNA sequence in larger population of DNA

Front 3

western blot

Back 3

detects a particular protein in a mix of proteins

Front 4

spleen

Back 4

breaks down old red blood cells

Front 5

tendon

Back 5

bone to muscle connection

Front 6

ligament

Back 6

bone to bone connection

Front 7

in electrophoresis, anode is _________ (+/-)

Back 7

positive

Front 8

in electrophoresis, cathode is ________ (+/-)

Back 8

negative

Front 9

Prokaryotes do not have _________ in their cell membranes

Back 9

cholesterol

Front 10

cerebellum

Back 10

controls finely coordinated muscle movements

Front 11

___________ synthesizes triglycerides

Back 11

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 12

granulocytes

Back 12

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Front 13

autonomic nervous system acts on ___________

Back 13

smooth muscle

Front 14

somatic nervous system acts on ___________

Back 14

skeletal muscle

Front 15

what does bone store?

Back 15

fat

Front 16

suffixes for steroid hormones

Back 16

-one, -ol, -gen

Front 17

peptide hormones act _______ and _______

Back 17

fast and temporarily

Front 18

steroid hormones act ________ and _______

Back 18

slowly and long-term

Front 19

atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)

Back 19

increases urine flow, decreases blood pressure

Front 20

somatostatin

Back 20

inhibits digestive processes

Front 21

thymosin

Back 21

supports T-cell development during childhood

Front 22

mechanism of action of a protein hormone

Back 22

influences enzymatic activity

Front 23

mechanism of action of a steroid hormone

Back 23

produces new enzymes

Front 24

islet of langerhans

Back 24

structure of the pancreas that produces pancreatic hormone

Front 25

cortisol

Back 25

long term stress response

Front 26

adrenal cortex releases __________

Back 26

steroid hormones

Front 27

calcitonin is released from _________

Back 27

thyroid C cells

Front 28

epinephrine is released from the __________

Back 28

adrenal medulla

Front 29

half-equivalence point

Back 29

center of flat part of curve.

point on titration curve where solution is most effectively buffered.

Front 30

equivalence point

Back 30

middle of steepest part of the curve - want to use an indicator that changes color at this point

Front 31

bond energy/dissociation energy

Back 31

average energy needed to break a bond.
High --> strong bond.
Negative potential energy.

Front 32

isoelectric point

Back 32

where 100% of the amino acid exists as a zwitterion. Occurs at first equivalent point.

Front 33

polar compounds on TLC plate

Back 33

silica gel in TLC is polar --> polar compounds migrate more slowly.

Front 34

metathesis

Back 34

double replacement rxn

Front 35

H =

Back 35

H = U + PV

Front 36

Gibb's free energy

Back 36

indicator of spontaneousness of rxn

Front 37

M =

Back 37

(moles solute)/(volume sol'n)

Front 38

m =

Back 38

(moles solute)/(kilograms of solvent)

Front 39

relationship of solubility of gas to temperature

Back 39

solubility of gas increases as temperature decreases

Front 40

what is heat?

Back 40

enthalpy at a constant temperature

Front 41

galvanic cell/voltaic cell

Back 41

uses electric potential btwn phases to generate electric energy

Front 42

positive cell potential indicates...

Back 42

negative deltaG and a spontaneous rxn

Front 43

amphoteric

Back 43

being able to react as an acid as well as a base.

Front 44

centripedal force

Back 44

points to center of circle

Front 45

centrifugal force

Back 45

points in direction of movement, throws object away from rotating mass if no gravity

Front 46

prophage

Back 46

a viral genome integrated into the circular bacterial DNA chromosome

Front 47

major pancreatic enzymes

Back 47

trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase

Front 48

lamellae

Back 48

concentric circles of compact bone surrounding central Haversian canal

Front 49

lacunae

Back 49

a cavity w/in the bone matrix containing an osteocyte

Front 50

Phosphate (PO43-) level higher in ______ than in ______

why?

Back 50

phosphate level higher in ICF than in ECF b/c present in DNA, required by proteins that participate in phosphorylation rxns

Front 51

protein level higher in _______ than in _______

why?

Back 51

protein level higher in ICF than in ECF b/c enzymes required to carry out metabolic rxns inside cell

Front 52

cortisol

Back 52

glucocorticoid produced by adrenal cortex. Causes increase in gluconeogenesis, decreased uptake of glucose by cells, increase in protein catabolism, increase in triacylglycerol breakdown.

Front 53

aldosterone

Back 53

a mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex.

Front 54

contraction of iris muscle is a _________________ response

Back 54

parasympathetic

Front 55

ciliary muscle

Back 55

contraction --> lens becomes more convex

Front 56

equilibrium

Back 56

no energy input needed to maintain the state

Front 57

steady state

Back 57

state is constant, but energy is used to maintain the state

Front 58

repolarization

Back 58

return of the membrane potential to the Em value of the cell

Front 59

farsightedness

Back 59

light meets behind the retina

Front 60

nearsightedness

Back 60

light meets in front of the retina

Front 61

fovea centralis

Back 61

area of highest cone density on the eye

Front 62

optic disk

Back 62

where the optic nerve leaves the eye and the retinal blood vessels enter

Front 63

choroid

Back 63

layer of eye behind retina. Contains blood vessels that provide nutrients for the eye.

Front 64

adherens

Back 64

actin bands that encircle cell, helping to create strong attachment btwn cells.

Front 65

proteases

Back 65

proteolytic enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds

Front 66

vasopressin

Back 66

synonymous w/ ADH

Front 67

when are birth defects initiated?

Back 67

the first few weeks of pregnancy

Front 68

2,3-BPG

Back 68

Byproduct of glycolysis. Synthesized in increased amounts when body is oxygen deprived --> decreased affinity of hemoglobin for O2.

Front 69

what are 2 primary sources of steroid hormones?

Back 69

adrenal cortex + gonads

Front 70

what is produced by the adrenal cortex? (2 things)

Back 70

aldosterone and cortisol

Front 71

catecholamines

Back 71

epinephrine + norepinephrine. Tyrosine derivatives produced by the adrenal medulla.

Front 72

erythropoietin

Back 72

produced by the kidneys. Promotes production of erythrocytes.

Front 73

fat soluble vitamins

Back 73

vitamins A,D,E, and K

Front 74

the production of steroids during the early part of gestation is dependent on...

Back 74

hCG from the placenta

Front 75

which organs are most affected by insulin? Which is not affected by insulin at all?

Back 75

Muscle, connective tissue, liver most affected by insulin.

Brain not affected.

Front 76

2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (2,4-DNFB, Sanger's reagent)

Back 76

marks first amino acid in polypeptide (N-terminal)

Front 77

azeotrope

Back 77

a mixture of 2 or more liquids whose composition is unchanged by simple distillation.

Front 78

Jones' reagent

Back 78

oxidizing reagent, CrO3.