Mcat: Organization Of The Nervous System

Front 1

PNS vs. CNS

Back 1

Peripheral Nervous system: Receiving information from sensory functions, and acting on it = motor function.

Central Nervous System: Processing the information. The integrative part of the nervous system.

Front 2

Effector Neurons vs. Efferent Neurons

Back 2

Effectors: Motor neurons that carry information from the nervous system toward to organs.

Efferent Neurons: Motor neurons that carry information away from the central nervous system and innervate effectors.

Front 3

Motor neurons that carry information away from the central nervous system and innervate effectors.

Back 3

Efferent Neurons

(Efferent go to Effectors)

Front 4

Motor neurons that carry information from the nervous system toward to organs.

Examples: Muscles and Glands

Back 4

Effectors

Front 5

Carries information toward the CNS

Back 5

Sensory Neurons

Front 6

The direct motor response to sensory input without conscious thought, the simplest example of nervous system activity.

Back 6

Reflex

Front 7

A reflex that involves only two neurons and one synapse
Ex. Muscle stretch reflex

Back 7

Monosynaptic Reflex Arc

Front 8

Concurrent relaxation of the hamstring and contraction of the quadricepts in the reflex arc by tapping the patellar tendon is an example of:

Back 8

Reciprocal Inhibition

Front 9

PNS:
Somatic and Autonomic

Back 9

Both include afferent and efferent functions

Front 10

Which nervous system is concerned with conscious sensation and deliberate, voluntary movement of skeletal muscle?

Back 10

Somatic Nervous System (part of PNS)

Front 11

Which nervous system is concerned with digestion, metabolism, circulation, perspiration, and other involuntary processes?

Back 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Front 12

The efferent portion of the Autonomic Nervous system is subdivided into:

Back 12

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Front 13

Epinephrine

Back 13

aka Adrenaline

Secreted by the Adrenal gland (Adrenal medulla)
Epi = on top of
Neph = kidney
(HENCE Epinephrine is secreted by the gland on top of the Kidney! HENCE the Adrenal gland!)

Front 14

What does the Adrenal Medulla secrete?

Back 14

Epinephrine

Front 15

The CNS innervates

Back 15

Brain and Spinal Cord

Front 16

PNS innervates

Back 16

All nerves and sensory structures outside of the brain and spinal cord

Front 17

Which nervous system:
Involuntary control of the glands and smooth muscle

Back 17

Autonomic

Front 18

Which nervous system:
Voluntary control of skeletal muscle

Back 18

Somatic

Front 19

Will you pee if you are in Sympathetic nervous system mode?

Back 19

No, the urethral sphincter is contracted

Front 20

During the SNS, the cardiovascular system - heart rate, contractility, and blood flow to skeletal muscle increase or decrease?

Back 20

Increase

Front 21

Which nervous system increases sweating and flushing ( ^blood flow)

Back 21

SNS

Front 22

Dilation of pupils is due to which nervous system?

Back 22

SNS

(Accommodating far sightedness)

Front 23

Release of epinephrine occurs during which nervous system?

Back 23

SNS

Front 24

Ejaculation/Orgasm is due to which nervous system?

Back 24

SNS

Front 25

The great majority of neuronal cell bodies are found within which nervous system?

Back 25

CNS

Front 26

Somas located outside the CNS are found in bunches called

Back 26

Ganglia

Front 27

Which part of the brain is responsible for:
Simple spinal reflexes (deep tendon reflex)
and involved with Primitive processes:
Walking, urination, sex organ function?

Back 27

Spinal Cord

Front 28

What connects the brain to the spinal cord?

Back 28

Medulla Oblongata

Front 29

What part of the brain regulates autonomic functions such as blood pressure, digestion and vomiting, and respiratory rhythmicity?

Back 29

Medulla Oblongata

Front 30

What part of the brain connects the brain stem and the cerebellum?

Back 30

Pons

Front 31

What part of the brain controls movement, balance, and antigravity posture?

Back 31

Pons

Front 32

What part of the brain coordinates complex movements, and if damaged results in poor hand-eye coordination and balance.

Back 32

Cerebellum

Front 33

Medulla, pons, and midbrain constitute:

Back 33

Brainstem

Front 34

Thalamus and Hypothalamus make up the:

Back 34

Diencephalon (part of forebrain)

Front 35

What part of the brain is responsible for relaying and processing sensory information

Back 35

Thalamus

Front 36

What part of the brain controls emotions and autonomic functions, and has a major role in hormone production and release.

Back 36

Hypothalamus

Front 37

What part of the brain is the primary link between the nervous and endocrine systems by controlling the pituitary gland

Back 37

Hypothalamus

Front 38

Gray matter

Back 38

Cerebral cortex
composed of trillions of somas

Front 39

White matter

Back 39

Composed of myelinated axons.
Most axons in the CNS and PNS are myelinated.

Front 40

Processes visual sensation

Back 40

Occipital Lobes

Front 41

Processes auditory and olfactory sensations and short-term memory

Back 41

Temporal Lobes

Front 42

General sensations (touch, temperature, pressure, vibration, etc.) and gustation (taste)

Back 42

Parietal Lobes

Front 43

Initiates all voluntary movement and involved in complex reasoning skills and problem solving

Back 43

Frontal Lobes

Front 44

4 Lobes of the cerebral cortex

Back 44

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

Front 45

Speech center

Back 45

Broca's Area

Front 46

General Interpretation

Back 46

Wernike's area

Front 47

Emotion and memory

Back 47

Limbic System

Front 48

Regulating body movement

Back 48

Basal Nuclei

Front 49

Connects left and right hemispheres of brain

Back 49

Corpus Collosum

Front 50

Difference between Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Back 50

Both of these cells produce myelin.

The Schwann cell does it for the peripheral nervous system.

The Oligodendrocyte does it for the Central Nervous System.