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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What will happen when a secondary alcohol reacts with a CrO3, pg 672?
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This will form the ketone
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What will happen when a primary alcohol reacts with a PCC, pg 672?
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This will form the aldehyde
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What happens when the teritary alcohol reacts with PCC, pg 672?
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Nothing because must remove a hydrogen from the carbon and their are no hydrogens at the reactive site.
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What is an electron activating group>
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The electron donating which are the alkyl groups and anything that has an lone pair on its electrons and this will produce the ortho and para group>
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What is an electron deactivating group>
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Groups attached to the ring that don't have lone pairs and the halogen groups, They will promote the meta groups
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How does one have keto-enol tautomorize?
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Ketone is formed when the enol group will deprotanate the alpha carbon then the carbonyl will have its oxygen have a protonation
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What fundementally happens in nucleophillic addition?
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The pi bond is broken and two sigma bonds are formed
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What happens once a ketone or aldehyde reacts with NaBH4, LiALH4, NaH? pg 679
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Forms alcohols
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How does one form a grinard reagent?
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An acid halide or akyl halide is made in a aprotic solvent. Example
Alkyl-Bromine +Mg ,make Alkyl MgBr |
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How does the grinard reagent function?
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It is a Carbon nucleophile, will add whatever was on the MgBr, the MgBr will leave bonded to OH
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How are organolithiums made and what is produced through this reaction?
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Alkyl Halide + two lithiums, and a lithium bonded to alkyl group is formed
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What is produced in witting reactions, pg 680?
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The aldehyde or ketone will form an alkene (the alkyl on witting will replace the oxygen of ketone or aldehyde)
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What is an acetal and hemiacetal?
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Acetal have two OR and Hemiacetal have one OH and one OR
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How do you form an imine from a ketone?
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You use NH3
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How do you form an enamine from a ketone?
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You use NHR2
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How do you replace the O on the carbonyl?
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You use NH2R
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How do you form a gemdiol?
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The carbonyl group will react with H2O
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How do you form a hemiacetal
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An carbonyl will react with ROH, add the H to the oxygen and add the OR to the Carbonyl
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How do you from an acetal?
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The hemiacetal will react with the ROH and form the acetal
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How does one form an acetal?
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Remember that the carbonyl is done in prescence of acid the alcohol will make acetals, pg 685?
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When is enol product favored?
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When it is aromactic and the enol will allow for hydrogen bonding
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What is needed for a aldol reaction?
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A strong base and a carbonyl with a alpha proton
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How do you solve aldol, claisen, Mixed and Michelson reactions?
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Count oxygen in reagent
Count oxygen in products- if same you have addition, if elimination you've got one less Count the carbon, have the same number of cabons no matter what |
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When dealing with an alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl compound, WHERE IS A GOOD PLACE TO ADD ?
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At the beta carbonyl
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What happens when the primary alcohol reacts with Na2Cr2O7
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Will form a carboxylic acid
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When alcohols react with carboxylic acids, what is formed?
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Esters
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For claisen(ester) what always happens elimatioin or addition?
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ELIMATION
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In adol reactions when do you have elimination?
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When there is heat
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What is reduction?
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Reduction describes the gain of electrons / hydrogen or a loss of oxygen / decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom or ion.
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What is oxidation
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describes the loss of electrons / hydrogen or gain of oxygen / increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom or ion.
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To see where the adol reaction occured in a product what must you do?
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The product is formed between the alpha carbon of the ketone and the OH
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