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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the reverse process of dissolution
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preccipitation
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Molarity =
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mole/liter
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molality =
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mole solute/kg solvent
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mole fraction of S =
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moles S/total moles in solution
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is mololity indepent of temperature and pressure? molarity?
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molality IS indep. of temp and pressure
Molarity is NOT |
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what are the salt solubility rules
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all group I salts are SOLUBLE
all nitrates, perchlorates, andd acetates salts are SOLUBLE All silver, lead, mercury sals are INSOLUTBLE expect for their nitrates, perchlorates, and acetates |
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the solubility of gases in liequds tends to (increase or decrease) with rising temperature
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decrease (gas wants out)
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the solubility of gases in lieques tends to (increase or decrease) with increasing pressure
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increase. gas will go to liquid under pressure
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what do colligative properties depend on
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the number of solute particles rather than the type of particle (identity of the particle is NOT important)
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definition. the pressure exerted by the gaseous phase of a liqued that evaporated fromt he exposed surface of the liquie
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vapor pressure
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what is rault's law
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Pa = XaPa
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in problems involving boiling point elevation, the concentration of particles is measured in molality... why
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it is consistent regardless of temp
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what is the equation for boiling point elevation
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changeTb = kbim
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what is the equation for freezing point depression
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changeTf = -Kfim
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addition of a solute to pure water will...
in terms of vapor pressure in terms of boiling point in terms of freezing point |
depression
elevation depression |
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what is the vant hoff equation
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osmotic pressure = MiRT where R=.0821
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does rate tell you anything about spontaneity?
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NO it just tells you about how fast if they occur
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are the activated copmlex and activaiton energy kinetic or thermodynamic quantities
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kinetic
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do thermodynamics and kinetics affect each other
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no
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keq =
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[products]/[reactants]
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are solids and liquids included in the mass action ratio of keq
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no because their concentrations do not change
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if keq < 1....
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the reaction favors the reactants
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if Q < Keq... the reactionn proceeds in the _______ direction
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forward to approach keq
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what happens if you add a catalyst to a reaction that is already in equil
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nothing. it has no effect
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explain the following definitions of acids
arrhenius bronsted lowry lewis |
arrhenius is H+ in water
bronsted is proton donors Lewis are electron apir acceptors |
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ka =
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[H3O+][A-]/[HA]
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what are the common strong acids
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HI Br Cl ClO4 SO4 NO3
if it is not on this list you can assum that its a weak acid |
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is a larger anion a good conjugate base making something a good acid
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yes, they are large and able to spread out their charge and be stable. therefore, the acid is fairly strong
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Kb =
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[HB+][OH-]/[B]
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the larger the kb the (stronger or weaker) the base
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stronger
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what are the common strong bases
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Group 1 hydroxides
group 1 oxides group 2 hydroxides Ba Sr Ca metal amids NaNH2 |
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is HF a strong or weak acid
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HF is weak
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the conjugate base of a weak acid is a ___ base
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weak!
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kw =
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1.0 x 10^-14
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if [H+] = 6.2 x 10^-5 what can you estimate for pH
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4-5
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Kw = (in terms of KaKb)
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KaKb = Kw = 1x10^-14
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what is the magnitude of difference between pH 4 and 5
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10
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is a salt cation NH4+ BE2+ CU2+ Zn2+ Al3+ Cr3+ Fe3+ stronger or weaker acid than water
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stronger acid
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is a salt cation in group 1 or 2 stronger or weaker acid than water
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does not react with water
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is a conjugate base of a weak acid stronger base than water
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yes
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what is the henderson hasselbach
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pKa + log[conjbase]/[weak acid]
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where will the equivalence point for a weak acid titrated with a SB be
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ph >7
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what is the first law of thermodynamics
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total energy of the universe is constant
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if you heat something up with a piston that is locked in place, what do you know about work
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there is no work done because the piston can't move
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does gas cool or heat as it expands
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gas cools as it expands
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do compressed gases heat or cool
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warm
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what is an isobaric process
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constant pressure
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what is an isochoric process
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constant volume
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how is work calculated in an isochoric process
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there is no work because the piston does not move if volume is to remain constant
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how do you calculate work in an isobaric process
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w = -PchangeV
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what is the difference between an isothermal and adiabatic process
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in isothermal heat is allowed to pass freely between a system and its environemnt. temperature of the system is constant. in an adiabatic cprocess no heat is transferred between the system and the environemtna nd all energy is transferred as work
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when a bond is formed is energy gained or released
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release
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when a bond is formed is changeH greater or less than 0
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less than because energy is released
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in an endothermic reaction is changeH positive or negative
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positive
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how do you know if S has increased or decreased given a reaction
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look to see if more gas molecules or less are made if more than the entropy has indeed increased and is positive
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does a catalyst lower the equilibrium constant
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no it does not affect it
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does a catalytst affect enthalpy, entropy, or free energy in any way
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NO
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