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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do you get from g/cm^3 to kg/m^3
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mutliply by 1000
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what is avogadro's number
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6.02 x 10^23
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how do you find empirical formula
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use a sample of 100g
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what is the oxidation state of F
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-1
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what is the order of electronegs
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FONClBrSH
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t or f. oxidation states are always whole numbers
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false they may be fractions
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what is Z
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the atomic number = number of protons
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what is A
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mass number = number of Z + neutrons
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what does shell number n tell you
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size and energy of the orbital
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what does subshell number l tell you
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shape and energy of the orbital
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waht does orbital number ml tell you
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orientation of the orbital
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what does spin number tell you ms
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spin of the electron orbital
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what does aufbau's principle tell you
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electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals avail
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waht is hunds rule
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electrons in the same subshell occupy available orbitals singly before piaring up
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what does the pauli exlusion principle tell you
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no two electrons in teh same atom can ahve the same set of four quantum numbers
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can the second quatum number be negative
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no it is n-1 and then whole numbers 0 through n -1
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can the third quantum number be negative
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yes, it is -L through +l
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what does diamagnetic mean
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atom that has all fo its electrons psin paired
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would a diamagnetic atom be attracted or repelled by an externally produced magnetic field
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repelled
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E photon =
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hf = hc/wavelength
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what is planck's constant
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6/63 x 10^-34 Js
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Ephoton =
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hf = hc/lambda
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what makes up an alpha particle
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2p+ 2no
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the protons and neutrons are held together by the _____ nuclear force
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strong
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what are three types of beta decay
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- + and electron capture
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what does the beta particle look like
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0 e
-1 |
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when would negative beta decay occur
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when an unstable nculeus contains too many neutrons it may convert a neutron into a protona nd an electron
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what happens in alpha decay
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decreases number of neutrons and protons in larg nucleus.
subtract 4 from mass number subtract 2 from atomic number |
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what happens in beta- decary
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decreases number of neutrons
increases number of protons add one to the atomic number |
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what happens in beta+ decay
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increases the number of neutrons
decreases the number of protons subtract 1 from the atomic number |
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what happens in electron capture
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increases number of neutrons
decreases number of protons subtract one from atomic number |
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when does mass number A stay the same?
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everything except for alpha
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what happens in gamma decay
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no numbers change just a star showing an excited nucleus to a lower energy state and emitting a gamma
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what is the equation for the decay curve
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N = No(1/2)^t/t.5
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where are the metalloids on the periodic table
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B to Po
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what is the periodic trend for atomic radius
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down left
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what is the periodic trend for ionization energy
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up right
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what is the periodic trend for electron affinity
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up right for more negative
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what is the periodic trend for electornegativity
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up right
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what is the periodic trend for acidity
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down right
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resonance structure is where only what can move around
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nonbonding electons double and single bonds
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what is a lewis base
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accepts electrons
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hydrogen bonds occur between H and __ ___ ___
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NOF
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what is sublimation
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solid to gas
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waht is deposition
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gas to solid
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what is another word for fusion
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melting
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in moving from a solid to a gas is heat absorbed or given off
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absorbed
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q =
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n x change in H
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what is the definition of a calorie
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the amount of heat required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by one degree C
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when a substance absorbs or releases heat there are two things that can happen: temp change or phase change. do these occur simultaneously?
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never
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what is another equation for q= in terms of change in T
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q= mcAT
A= change in |
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how many joules in a calorie
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4.2 J
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what is unique about the phase diagram for water
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it has a slightly negative slope
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is water denser as a solid or liquid
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liquid hence ice floats
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what are the axes of a phase diagram
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Y = pressure
T = temperature |
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what are the labels on the phase diagram
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SLG
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the average kinetic energy of the moelcules is directly proportional to the ....
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change in T
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1 m^3 =
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1000 L
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R = _____ Latm/Kmol
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0.0821
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if pressure is constant, then
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volume is proportional to the temperature
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what is the combined gas law
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PV/T = PV/T
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if two equal volume containers hold gas at the same pressur eand temperature then the contain the ___ number of particles regardless of the identity of the gas
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SAME
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partial pressure of a gas =
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mole fraction times the total pressure
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mole fraction =
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nwhat you want/ nwhatyouwant + nwhateverelse
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what is graham's law of effusion
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rate of effusion/rate of effusion of gas B = sqrt (molar mass of Gas B/molar mass of Gas A)
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since KE is proportional to T the root square mean is proportion to
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square root T
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a balloon holds a mixture of F2 and He. If the rms speed of helium is 540 what is the rms speed of F2?
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vF2/vHe = sqrt(mHe/mF2)
vF = 1/3 1/3(540) = 180 |
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what causes gases to deviate from ideal gas behavior
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high pressure
low temperature |
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what is desirable for ideal gas in terms of pressure? temperature?
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low pressure
high temp |
