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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Perfusion and Ischemia
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The flow of blood through a tissue is known as perfusion. Inadequate blood flow, known as ischemia, results in tissue damage due to shortages of O2 and nutrients, and buildup of metabolic wastes.
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Arteries and Veins
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Arteries = Away from the heart
Veins = Back to the heart |
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Arterioles and Capillaries
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Pressure decreases farther from the heart...to arterioles (smooth muscle walls, act as control valve to restrict or increase blood flow into capillaries), capillaries have thin walls (exchange of material between the blood and tissues)
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Venules
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where blood collects after passing through capillaries and then goes into the veins to be back at the heart.
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Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation
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Right side of the heart = Pulmonary
Left side of the heart = Systemic |
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Perfusion and Ischemia
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The flow of blood through a tissue is known as perfusion. Inadequate blood flow, known as ischemia, results in tissue damage due to shortages of O2 and nutrients, and buildup of metabolic wastes.
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Arteries and Veins
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Arteries = Away from the heart
Veins = Back to the heart |
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Arterioles and Capillaries
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Pressure decreases farther from the heart...to arterioles (smooth muscle walls, act as control valve to restrict or increase blood flow into capillaries), capillaries have thin walls (exchange of material between the blood and tissues)
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Venules
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where blood collects after passing through capillaries and then goes into the veins to be back at the heart.
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Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation
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Right side of the heart = Pulmonary
Left side of the heart = Systemic |
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Portal Systems
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By having two separate circulations, most blood passes through only one set of capillaries before returning to the heart. Exceptions are portal systems. (hepatic and hypothalamic-hypophysial)
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The heart blood flow
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inferior/superior vena cava >right atrium (deoxy blood) >right ventricle >pulmonary artery to lungs > lungs (oxy blood) returns to pulmonary veins to the left atrium >left atrium >left ventricle >aorta (sytemic circulation)
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Coronary arteries, coronary sinus and coronary veins
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coronary arteries - branch from aorta, supplies blood to the wall of the heart.
coronoary veins = collects deoxygenated blood from the heart coronary sinus = pool of low pressure blood and drains directly to the atrium. |
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Atrioventricular Valve (AV Valve)
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Seperates the high vetricular pressure and the low atrial pressure, prevents backflow
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Bicuspid (or mitral) and tricuspid valve
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Bicuspid (or mitral) = the AV valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Tricuspid valve = AV valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Semilunar Valves
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Set of valves needed between the large arteries and the ventricles, pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves.
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Diastole
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The venticles are relaxed, and blood is able to flow into them from the atria. The atria contracts to propel blood into the ventricles more rapidly.
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Systole
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Ventricles contracting, pressure increasing rapidly and the semilunar vavles fly open and blood rushes into the aorta and pulmonary artery.
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"lub" and "dup"
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"lub" - the closure of the AV valves at the beginning of systole
"dup"- teh sound of the semilunar valves closing at the end of systole. Diastole is longer period. |
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CO = SV x HR
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Cardiac output (L/min) = Stroke Volume (L/beat) x Heart Rate (beats/min)
SV = the amount of blood pumped with each systole. HR (pulse) = the number of times "lub-dup" cardiac cycle is repeated per minute. |
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Strong hearts
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Stronger hearts pumps more blood each time it contracts, and thus may beat fewer times per minute and still provide adequate circulation.
Atheletes have a larger stroke volumes. |
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Venous return
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If venous return is increased, the heart fills more. As a result, its muscle fibers are stretched, and they respond by contracting more forcefully. The result is that a larger volume of blood enters the heart and the heat contracts better.
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Frank-Starling mechanism
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Mechanism of increased stroke volume. The more blood the heart receives from the tissues, the more it pumps out to the tissues.
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