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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a spontaneous react may or may not?
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proceed to completion
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system
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partic part of universe being studied
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enviroment
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everthing outside system
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system can be?
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isolated
closed open |
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isolated system can?
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it can not exch e or matter with surroundings
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give an ex of an isolated system?
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insulated bomb reactor
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closed system is?
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can exch e but not matter
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ex of a closed syst
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steam radiator
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open system is?
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can exch matter and e with surroundings.
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give example of an open syst?
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pot of a boiling water
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a system undergoes a ____________ when one or more of its properties change
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process
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a system undergoes a process when?
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when one or more of its prop change
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isothermal process is?
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temperat of systm is const
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adiabatic proc is when?
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no heat exch occurs
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isobaric process is?
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press of systm is const
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no heat exch occurs in a __________ process
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adiabatic
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which 2 processess are common?
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isothermal and isobaric. temp and ress are easy to contr
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T or F
heat and temp are different |
t
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heat is a?
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form of energy that can leave or enter a syst
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temp is?
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a measure of average ke of particles in a systm
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____________ is a meas of the averag ke of the particles in a syst
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temperature
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heat is a form of e that transfers bec of?
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a temper diff betw syst and its surroundings
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heat absorbed by a system is?
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pos
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heat lost by a system to surrounding is?
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negative
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endothermic react?
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absorb e
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exothermic react?
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release e
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units of heat?
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joules
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1 cal = ________ J
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4.184 J
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joules and calories are units for?
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heat
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calorimetry measures?
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heat changes
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what condit are heat changed measured under?
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const vol calorimetry
const press calorimetry |
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heat absorbed or given off in a process is =?
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q=mc chT
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q=mc chT
c is? |
specific heat
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q=mc chT
q is? |
heat
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const vol calorimetry
what dev do you use? |
bomb calorimeter
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bomb calorimeter
no ____________ enters or leaves the system |
heat
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q react + q water + q steel=0 in a ?
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bomb calorimeter
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bomb calorimeter, the overall system is?
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adiabatic
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macroscopic prop include?
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temp T
press P volume V |
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state functions
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prop that dep only on initial and final states of the system
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name 7 state funct?
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temp
vol enthalpy entropy free energy internal energy E and U |
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H is?
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enthalpy
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s is
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entropy
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G is ?
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free energy
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E or U is?
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internal energy
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standard condition for enthalpy etc is?
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25 C, 1 atm
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standard state of a subs is the form a subst takes?
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at 25 C and 1 ATM
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standard condit in thermody must not be confused with?
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standard temperature and pressure in gas laws STP
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heat changes at const press, is
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enthalpy
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enthalpy is?
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heat changes at constant pressure
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enthalpy of a process does not depend on the?
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path
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T or F
ΔHreact=Hprod-Hreact |
T
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T or F
it is not poss to meas H directly |
T
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only ____________ in H can be measured
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Δ
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stand heat of format of a compound is?
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enthalpy ch that would occur if one mole of a comp were formed direct from its elem in their standard states
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ΔHf of an element in its standard state is?
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zero
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standard heat of react is?
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ΔHreact= (sum of ΔHf of prod)-(sum of ΔHf of react)
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Hess law says?
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that enthalpies of react are additive
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for hesses law, if you multiply the prod and react by 3 ( or a cert number) then what must you do to ΔH?
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also multiply it by 3
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reverse reaction has the same __________ as that of the forward react, but its ________ is oppos
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enthalpy,
but its sign is oppos |
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bond e or bond dissoc e is?
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averag of the energy req to break a part type of bond in one mole of gaseous molec
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bond ____________ is always endothermic
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breakage
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bond ______________ is always exothermic
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formation
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H2 (g) ---> 2H (g)
ΔH= will be? |
positive
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bond e can be used to estim the ?
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enthalpies of reactions
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ΔHreact can be estimated by?
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=(ΔH of bonds broken)- (ΔH of bonds formed)
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for simple diatomic molec such as H2, bond dissoc e can be easily measured?
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spectroscopically using react E=hv
E=bond dissoc e and v is freq of light absorbed |
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spectroscopy can be used to measure the bond dissoc e of?
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simple diatomic molecules
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what are the req for relatively easy measure of ΔH?
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that react be fast and spontan
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entropy is the meas of?
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disorder of a system
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what are units of entropy?
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j/K
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J/K are the units for ?
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entropy
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a solid has a lower entropy than a ?
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gas
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t or f
entropy is a state function |
T
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ΔS=Sfin- Sinit
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Sfin- Sinit
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qrev/T =
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ΔS
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ΔS= ?/T
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qrev/T
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entropy
qrev is ? |
the heat added to the syst undergoing a rever process.
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freezing has a ___________ in entropy
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decrease
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boiling has a ____________ in entropy
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increase
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second law of thermodyn says that?
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all spont proceed so that entropy of the systm plus its surr increases
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ΔSuniv >
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0
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a sytm reaches its maxim entropy at?
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equilibrium
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for a revers procc ΔSuniv is?
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zero
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Gibbs free energy combines what 2 fact?
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ΔH and ΔS
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Goose hunters take shotguns reminds you of?
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ΔG=ΔH-TΔS
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ΔG=?
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ΔG=ΔH-TΔS
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in the equilbr state, free e is?
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at a minimum
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ΔG <0 means a proc can?
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occur spont
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for any given nonspont react or proc, the reverse react or proc will be?
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sponaneous
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if ΔG is zero
the system is? |
in a state of equil
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thermody and kinetics
spontan does not necessaril mean? |
instantaneous
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ΔH ΔS Outcome ?
- + |
spontaneous at all temperatures
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ΔH ΔS
+ - |
nonspontaneous at all temperatures
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ΔH ΔS
+ + |
spontaneous only at high temperatures
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ΔH ΔS
- - |
spontaneous only at low temperatures
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rate of a reac depends on?
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activat e
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t or f
rate of a react dep on ΔG |
f
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standard free energy ΔG is ?
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ΔG of a proc occur at 25 C and 1 atm . concentr of sol are 1 M
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standard free energy of format of a comp is?
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free energy ch that ocurs when 1 mol of a comp in its stand form
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standard free energy of format of any elem in its most stable form is?
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zero
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conversion of C (diamond) to C (graphite) is __________ but its rate is slow
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spont
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ΔG react=(sum of ΔGf of prod)- ??
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=(sum of ΔGf of prod)- (sum of =(sum of ΔGf of react)
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-RTlnKeq =
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ΔG
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what is the equat for ΔG from equil const?
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ΔG=-RTlnKeq
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once a react commences a standard state condit?
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no longer holds
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once a react commences Keq must be replac by?
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reaction quotient Q
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the react quotient Q is=
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Q=[C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b
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when a react commences
ΔG=? |
ΔG= ΔG° + RTlnQ
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discuss when water boils in terms of ch in G
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TchS> chH only when T is above 373 K
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