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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Definition of Organelles
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Parts of the cell
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Name the Cell Theory
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1. All living things are composed of cells
2. The cell is the basic functional unit of life 3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells 4. Cells carry DNA that is passed from parent cell to daughter cell |
"MAKE the PRE-EXISTING cells carry BASIC DNA"
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Name the three methods to study cell structure
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1. Magnification
2. Autoradiography 3. Centrifugation |
Use the "CAM" to take pictures of the cells to study.
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Name the three different types of microsocpes
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1. compound
2. electron 3. phase contrast |
Claire Elects that we Purchase a microscope
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What does the diaphragm of a microscope do?
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controls the amount of light passing through the specimen
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I will die if I do not get to control the light
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What is Total Magnification?
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TM=eyepiece times objective lenses
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Mags are = what your eyes see and your objective of them
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Which microscope allows the study of living cells
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Phase contrast microscope
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See the living phases of the cells
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Define Autoradiography
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Technique that utilizes radioactive molecules to trace and identify cell structures and biochemical activity.
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Who has centrioles?
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Animals do, plants do NOT
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Animals count "centries", while plants do not!
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Distinguish btw cell wall and cell membrane
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cell wall is protection while cell membrane regulates selective permiability
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Cell wall keeps everything from falling out and cell membrane helps breath the air.
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What does NOT have a cell wall?
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Animals do not have cell walls
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They do not have cells walls, so animals can get fat. Bc they don't have the wall holding them in.
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What is the DNA like in prokaryotes?
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They have one circular DNA in the nucleiod region.
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Pro-kerry's have one round mindset that just goes in a circle
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What is a plasmid?
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smaller ring of DNA
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When you are "plastered" you loose your ring from DeeNA.
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What is Cytosol composed of?
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1. free proteins
2. nutrients |
You have to be a "pro" to "site" the nutrients in the soil.
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What is different in Eukaryotes that you would attach to get rid of a disease?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Cell wall |
The ribs and walls are different everywhere you go to eat
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What is present on top of the proteins in the cell membrane?
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carbohydrates
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To transport yourself around, you need to have your carbs and proteins
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Is the hydrophilic phosphoric acid region polar and non-polar?
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Polar
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Phil the polar bear
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What is the cell membrane permeable to?
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1. small nonpolar (oxygen)
2. small polar (water) |
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How do small charged molecules cross the cell membrane?
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by protein channels
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How do larger charged molecules pass the cell membrane?
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by carrier proteins
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Where does rRNA synthesis occur?
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Nucleolus
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we are missing the "r" so add on other letters till it comes
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What make up ribosomes?
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1. rRNA
2. protein |
Ribs are protein from meat and the RN eats them
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What does the ER do?
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transports materials through the cell
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ER patients are transported through the hospital
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What does rough ER do?
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protein synthesis
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Eating a lot of protein makes you rough
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What does smooth ER do?
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1. lipid synthesis
2. detox of poisons and drugs |
Its a smooth ride once you reach detox of lipids and drugs
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What does the golgi apparatus produce?
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secretory vesicles
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The goal is to get the needle in the secretary's vessel
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Where are vacuoles mainly found?
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In plants
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The plants are vacuumed from the floor
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Define autolysis
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Committing suicide, repture lysosome membrane and release hydrolytic enzymes
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auto lice the cell to kill it
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What is a microbody?
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a container for metabolic reactions
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Is the mitochondria anerobic or aerobic?
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aerobic, supplies energy
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Mit does a lot of aerobic exercise and thus has lots of energy
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What are the two types of microbodies?
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1. Peroxisomes
2. Glyoxysomes |
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Define Peroxisome
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break fat down into fuel and used in liver to detoxify. They also require oxygen.
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Peroxide blondes break down their fat and go to detox sessions. They also require oxygen for the brain.
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Define Glyoxysomes
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They are found in the fat tissue of germinating seedlings and they convert fat to sugar
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G=Germinating
"Glyde" through life when you go from fat to sweet as suger |
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What does is mean that the mitochondria is semiautonomous?
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makes its own DNA and ribosomes and thus can do binary fission for replication
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circular DNA follows the matrix. Mit likes to go on semi-auto drive and make his own ribs and DNA
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What is the cell wall of a plant cell made of?
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cellulose
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Call the plants cell to see if you can get in the wall door
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What is the cell wall of a fungi made of?
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chitin
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The "fun guy" sits on the wall and drinks chi tea
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What is the cell wall of animals made of?
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TRICK: animals DONT have cell walls!!!!!!!
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Define centriole
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type of microtubule involved in spindle organization during cell division. NOT bound by membrane
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Cant be bound by membrane bc it needs room to let the spindles out
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What is the cytoskeleton composed of?
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1. microtubules
2. microfilaments 3. intermediate filaments |
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Define microtubule
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hollow rod made up of polymerized tubulins that radiate through the cell and provide support.
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tube of hollow
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What are centrioles made of?
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microbubules
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Define Microfilaments
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solid rods of actin, involved in cell movement as well as support.
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fill the rods the active ingrediant to make the cell move
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What is the general way muscle contraction happens?
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interaction of actin and myosin in the muscle cells
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Define intermediate filaments
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involved in maintenance of cytoskeletal integrity
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inter=integ.
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Cells that require a lot of energy for locomotion have ltos of:
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mitochondria
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Cells involved in secretion have lots of:
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Golgi bodies
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Cells such as red blood cells (which main function is transport) have:
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no organelles at all!!
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What are the five ways substances can move into and out of cells?
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1. simple diffusion
2. facilitated diffusion 3. active transport 4. endocytosis 5. exocytosis |
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What should you think of when you hear diffusion?
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1. passive process
2. from high to low gradient 3. no energy needed |
Differian gel was passed to you by your sister and helped you go from high acne to low acne with no energy needed
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Define simple diffusion
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net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration gradients from high to low.
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What is an example of simple diffusion
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osmosis
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define hypertonic
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when there is lower solute concentration inside of the cell
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Define hypotonis
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when there is higher solute concentration inside of the cell
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Define isotonic
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When the solute concentrations inside and outside the cell are equal and there is NO net flow of water in either direction
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ice doesnt like the flow of water
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Define facilitated diffusion
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the net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration gradient with the help of carrier molecules.
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Define active transport
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the net movement of dissolved particlse against their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins. Requires energy!!
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to be active you need to use energy
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Define endocytosis
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a process in which the cell membrane invaginates, foring a vesicle that contains extracellular medium
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What are the who types of endocytosis?
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1. Pinocytosis
2. Phagocytosis |
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Define Pinocytosis
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the ingestion of fluids or small particles
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Define Phagocytosis
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the engulfing of large particles
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Define exocytosis
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a vesicle within the cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the outside.
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STrong concept to remember about the cell membrane and endo/exocytosis
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The material never actually crosses through the cell membrane
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What are the four basic types of tissue?
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1. epithelial
2. connective 3. nervous 4. muscle |
Emma Negotiates Costs on the Mosaic tissue
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Define Epithelial tissue
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protects, absorbs, secretes and sensation
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EP test gives you amternal feelings: to protect child, absorb concerns, secrete the child and the sensation of motherhood
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Define connective tissue
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involved in body support
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Define Nervous tissue
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composed of neurons that are involved in perception, processing and storage of info. concerning the internal and external environments
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Define muscle tissue
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has great contractile capability and is involved in body movement
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What are the three types of vertebrate muscle?
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1. skeletal
2. cardiac 3. smooth |
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What are viruses composed of?
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a nucleic acid enclosed by a protein coat
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Define obligate intracellular parasite and give an example
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means they can express their genes and reproduce only within a living host cell. Virus is an example
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oblicated to be intracellular
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Define Bacteriophage
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Viruses that exclusively infect bacteria. Nucleic acid is injected into cell, but protein coat stays outside.
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