Mcat Behavioral Sciences Ch. 12

Front 1

social class

Back 1

- category of people who share a similar socioeconomic position in society

Front 2

socioeconomic status

Back 2

- can depend on achieved or ascribed status

Front 3

upper class

Back 3

- great wealth

- recognized reputations/lifestyles

- large influence on political and economic system

- high concen. of prestige and power

Front 4

middle class

Back 4

- divided into upper, middle, and lower

- successful business/professionals (upper-mid)

- unable to achieve upper-mid lifestype b/c of education and economic shortcomings (mid-mid)

- skilled with few luxuries (lower-mid)

Front 5

lower class

Back 5

- poorer end of economic spectrum

- reduced amt of sociopolitical power

Front 6

prestige

Back 6

- amount of positive regard society has for a given person/idea

Front 7

power

Back 7

- ability to affect others behavior through real or perceived punishments

- based on unequal distribution of valued resources

- function: maintain order, organize economic sys.,conduct warfare, rule over/exploit people`

Front 8

Marxist Theory

Back 8

- proletariat (have-nots)can overthrow the bourgoisie (haves) and the capitalist economy by developing class consciousness

Front 9

class consciousness

Back 9

- organization of the working class around shared goals and recognition of a need for collective political action

Front 10

false consciousness

Back 10

- mis-perception of ones actual position in society

Front 11

Anomie

Back 11

- lack of social norms

- breakdown of social bonds between an individual and society

Front 12

strain theory

Back 12

- how anomic conditions can lead to deviance

Front 13

primary sources of social trust

Back 13

- social norms of reciprocity

- social networks

Front 14

social capital

Back 14

- the investments people make in their society in return for economic or collective rewards

Front 15

privilege

Back 15

- inequality in opportunity

Front 16

cultural capital

Back 16

- benefits one receives from knowledge, abilities, and skills

Front 17

strong ties

Back 17

- peer group with kinship contacts

- small but powerful

Front 18

weak ties

Back 18

- social connections that are superficial

- large number & provide connections to a wide range of individuals

Front 19

intersectionality

Back 19

- disadvantage seen in individuals who belong to more than one oppressed group

Front 20

5 ethnicites model

Back 20

- white, black, asain, latino, and native american

Front 21

social mobility

Back 21

- allows one to acquire a higher-level employment opportunity

- ability to move up or down classes

Front 22

intragenerational mobility

Back 22

- changes in social status happen within a persons lifetime

Front 23

intergenerational mobility

Back 23

- changes in social status from parents to children

Front 24

Meritocracy

Back 24

- intellectual talent and achievement

- means for person to advance up in the social ladder

Front 25

plutocracy

Back 25

- ruled by the upper classes

Front 26

vertical mobility

Back 26

- movement from one social class to another

Front 27

horizontal mobility

Back 27

- change in occupation or lifestyle that remains within the same social class

Front 28

poverty

Back 28

- low SES and lack of possessions or financial resources

Front 29

social reporduction

Back 29

- social inequality can be reproduced or passed on from one generation to the next

Front 30

absolute poverty

Back 30

- socioeconomic condition that people do not have enough money or resources to maintain the quality of living

Front 31

relative poverty

Back 31

- one is poor in comparison to the larger population in which they live

Front 32

poverty line

Back 32

- gov'ts calculation of the minimum income requirements for families to acquire minimum necessities of life

Front 33

social exclusion

Back 33

- poor individuals feel segregated and isolated from society

Front 34

spatial inequality

Back 34

- social stratification across territories and their populations

Front 35

suburbanization

Back 35

- migration pattern of middle classes to suburban communities

Front 36

urban decay

Back 36

- previous functional portion of a city deteriorates

Front 37

urban renewal

Back 37

- spontaneous reverse of urban decay

- city land is reclaimed and renovated for public or private use

Front 38

gentrification

Back 38

- fuel urban renewal

- upper and middle class populations begin to purchase and renovate neighborhoods in deteriorated areas

- displaces low-SES population

Front 39

global inequalities

Back 39

- limits access to power and resources as the production of goods shifts from location to location

- large population places train on resources

Front 40

incidence

Back 40

- number of new cases of an illness per population risk in a given amount of time

Front 41

prevalence

Back 41

- measure of the total amount of cases of an illness per population in a given amount of time

Front 42

morbidity

Back 42

- burden or degree of illness associated with a given disease

Front 43

mortality

Back 43

- deaths caused by a given disease

Front 44

second sickness

Back 44

- exacerbation of health outcomes caused by social injustice

Front 45

affordable care act

Back 45

- increasing coverage rate and affordability of insurance for all Americans

- by reducing overall costs of healthcare

Front 46

Medicare

Back 46

- health insurance that covers patients over the age of 65, with end-stage renal disease, and ALS

Front 47

Medicaid

Back 47

- health insurance that covers patients who are in financial need