M C A T

Front 1

V = d ⁄ t

Back 1

V = speed

d = distance

t = time

Front 2

→⋅→

V = d ⁄ t

Back 2

→

V = velocity

→

d = displacement

t = time

Front 3

→⋅⋅→

a = Δ v ⁄ t

Back 3

→

a = acceleration

→

V = velocity

t = time

Front 4

Newton's Second Law

Back 4

F = m a

Front 5

Gravity

Back 5

F = G m₁ m₂ ⁄ r²

Front 6

Inclined Planes

Back 6

F = mg Sinθ

F = mg Cosθ

Front 7

Circular Motion

Back 7

ac = v² ⁄ r

Fc = mv² ⁄ r

Front 8

Friction

Back 8

Fs ≤ μs Fn

Fk = μk Fn

Front 9

Hooke's Law

Back 9

⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅x

F = -KΔ

Front 10

Equilibrium

Back 10

F up = F down

F right = F left

T clockwise = T counterclockwise

Front 11

Torque

Back 11

T = F l

Front 12

Work

Back 12

W = Fd Cosθ

(all forces except friction)

W = ΔK+ ΔU + ΔE

(no heat)

Front 13

Non-equilibrium

(acceleration)

Back 13

F up = F down ± ma

F right = F left ± ma

Front 14

Energy

Back 14

K = ½ k Δ x²

Ug = mgh

Ue = ½ m v²

Front 15

Power

Back 15

P = ΔE ⁄ t

P = Fv Cosθ

Front 16

Momentum

Back 16

P = mv

Front 17

Elastic Collisions

Back 17

U initial + K initial = U final + K final

Front 18

Inelastic Collisions

Back 18

P initial = P final

Front 19

Impluse

Back 19

J = Δp

J = F avg Δ t

Δ mv = F avg Δ t

Front 20

Rest Mass Energy

Back 20

E = m c²

Front 21

Fulids at rest

Back 21

ρ = m ⁄ v

S.G. = ρ substance ⁄ ρ water

P = ρ g y

P = F ⁄ A

Front 22

Solids

Back 22

modulus of elasticity = stress ⁄ strain

stress = F ⁄ A

strain = Δ dimensions ⁄ original dimensions

Front 23

Fluids in Motion

Back 23

Q = A v

K = P + ½ ρ v² + ρgh

V = √2gh

ΔP = QR

Front 24

Bouyant Force

Back 24

Fb = ρ fluid V g

Front 25

Waves

Back 25

V = f λ

T = 1 ⁄ f

Front 26

Sound

Back 26

β = 10 log I ⁄ I₀

f beat = |f₁ - f₂ |

L = nλn ⁄ 2 (n = 1,2,3...)

L = nλn ⁄ 4 (n = 1,3,5...)

Front 27

Doppler Effect

Back 27

Δf ⁄ fs = v ⁄ c

Δλ ⁄ λs = v ⁄ c

Front 28

Magnetism

Back 28

F = q v B sinθ

Front 29

Alternating Current

Back 29

V rms = (√2 ⁄ 2) V max

i rms = (√2 ⁄ 2) i max

Front 30

Capacitors

Back 30

C = Q ⁄ V

1 ⁄ C eff = 1 ⁄ c₁ + 1 ⁄ c₂ + ... (in series)

C eff = c₁ + c₂ + .... (in parallels)

U = ½QV

U = ½ (Q² ⁄ C)

U = ½ cv²

Front 31

Resistors

Back 31

V = i R

R eff = R₁ + R₂ + ... (in series)

1⁄R eff = 1 ⁄ R₁ + 1 ⁄ R₂ + ... (in parallel)

P = i V

P = v² ⁄ R

P = i² R

Front 32

x - x₀ = V₀ t + ½ a t ²

Back 32

x = displacement

v = velocity

t = time

a = constant acceleration

Front 33

V - v₀ = at

Back 33

v = velocity

a = constant aceleration

t = time

Front 34

V² = V₀² + 2a ( x - x₀ )

Back 34

v = velocity

a = constant acceleration

x = displacement

Front 35

Vavg = ½ ( V + V₀)

Back 35

v = velocity

Front 36

V = √ 2 g h

Back 36

v = velocity

h = height

V₀ must be zero

Front 37

Electric fields due to a point charge

Back 37

F = k (q₁q₂ ⁄ r²)

U = k (q₁q₂ ⁄ r)

E = k (q₁ ⁄ r²)

V = k (q₁ ⁄ r)

Front 38

Constant Electric Fields

Back 38

F = Eq

U = Vq

U = qEd

V = Ed

Front 39

Electromagnetic radiation

Back 39

C = f λ

E = h f

n = c ⁄ v

n₁ sinθ₁ = n₂ sinθ₂

Front 40

Mirror and Lenses

Back 40

fmirror = ½ r

P = 1 ⁄ f

m = - di ⁄ do = hi ⁄ ho

1 ⁄ f = (1 ⁄ do) + (1 ⁄ di)

Front 41

Moles

Back 41

moles = grams ⁄ atomic | molecular weight

Front 42

percent yeild

Back 42

Actual yield ⁄ Theoretical yield x 100 = % yield

Front 43

Plack's Quantum Theory

Back 43

ΔE = h f

Front 44

Ideal Gas Law

Back 44

PV = n R T

Front 45

Partical Pressure

Back 45

Pa = Xa Ptotal

Front 46

Dalton's law

Back 46

Ptotal = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ ....

Front 47

Average traditional kinetic energy and the tempature of a gas

Back 47

K.E.avg = (3 ⁄ 2) RT

Front 48

Graham's law

Back 48

v₁ ⁄ v₂ = √m₂ ⁄ √m₁

Front 49

Effusion

Back 49

effusion rate ₁ ⁄ effusion rate ₂ = √m₂ ⁄ √m₁

Front 50

Deviations from ideal gas law

Back 50

volume: Vreal > Videal

pressure: Preal < Pideal

Front 51

Rate Law

Back 51

rate forward = Kf [A]^a[B]^b

Front 52

Law of mass action

Back 52

K = [C]^c[D]^d ⁄ [A]^a[B]^b = Products^coefficents ⁄ Reactants^coefficents

Front 53

Reaction quotient

Back 53

Q = products^coefficents ⁄ reactants^coefficents

Front 54

Work

Back 54

w = PΔV(constant pressure)

Front 55

First law of thermodynamics

Back 55

ΔE = q + w

Front 56

Average kinetic energy of a single molecule

Back 56

K.E.avg = (3 ⁄ 2) RT

Front 57

Enthalpy

(constant conditions, no pressure change)

Back 57

ΔH = ΔU + PΔV

(constant P)

Front 58

Enthalpy

(no pressure change closed system)

Back 58

ΔH = q

Front 59

Heat of Reaction

Back 59

ΔH⁰reaction = ΔHf⁰products - ΔHf⁰reactants

Front 60

Second law of thermodynamics

Back 60

ΔSsystem + ΔSsurroundings = ΔSuniverse ≥ 0

Front 61

Gibbs free energy, G

Back 61

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Front 62

Raoult's law

Back 62

Pv = Xa + Pa

Pv = XaPa + XbPb

Front 63

Units of concentration

Back 63

M = moles of solute ⁄ volume of solution

m = moles of solute ⁄ kilograms of solvent

x = moles of solute ⁄ total moles of all solute & solvent

mass % = moles of solute ⁄ total mass of solution x 100

PPm = mass of solute ⁄ total mass of solution x 10⁶

Front 64

Osmotic pressure

Back 64

π = i M R T

Front 65

Freezing point depression

Back 65

ΔT = Kf m i

Front 66

Calorie/specific

Back 66

Cwater = 1cal g-1⁰ c-1

Front 67

Specific heat capacity

Back 67

q = mcΔT

Front 68

Hasselbalch - heat capacity

Back 68

q = C Δ T

Front 69

Acid

Back 69

H+

Front 70

Base

Back 70

OH-

Front 71

pH

Back 71

pH = -log[H+]