Mblex Circulatory System

Front 1

2 divisions of vascular system

Back 1

Cardiovascular and lymphvascular

Front 2

Double layered membrane that covers the heart

Back 2

Pericardium

Front 3

Normal adult heart rate

Back 3

60 to 80 bpm

Front 4

Blood vessels that carry blood away from heart

Back 4

Arteries and arterioles

Front 5

Blood vessels that carry blood back toward heart

Back 5

Veins and venules

Front 6

Largest artery in body

Back 6

Aorta

Front 7

Smallest microscopic thin walled blood vessels

Back 7

Capillaries

Front 8

2 circulation systems in blood vascular system

Back 8

Pulmonary and systemic

Front 9

Impulses from the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system cause

Back 9

vasoconstriction

Front 10

substances move through capillary wall mostly by

Back 10

diffusion

Front 11

a pump that keeps blood flowing through a closed system of arteries, capillaries, and veins

Back 11

heart

Front 12

a double layered membrane that encloses the heart

Back 12

pericardium

Front 13

protective outer layer of the heart

Back 13

epicardium

Front 14

the cardiac muscle

Back 14

myocardium

Front 15

the thin innermost layer of the heart

Back 15

endocardium

Front 16

contains a serous fluid so that the heart is supported in position and at the same time allowed to move frictionlessly as it continually pulsates

Back 16

pericardial cavity

Front 17

a muscular wall that seperates the 4 heart chambers

Back 17

septum

Front 18

the upper thin walled cavities, receive blood from the veins into the heart

Back 18

right and left atria, or auricles

Front 19

the lower thick walled chambers, pump blood out of heart into the arteries

Back 19

right and left ventricles

Front 20

allows blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle, one way

Back 20

tricuspid valve

Front 21

directs blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries to travel to the lungs, one way

Back 21

pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 22

allows blood to flow from left atrium into left ventricle, one way

Back 22

bicuspid or mitral valve

Front 23

permits blood to be pumped from the left ventricle and into the aorta, one way

Back 23

aortic semilunar valve

Front 24

help to regulate the force of contraction and the heart rate

Back 24

impulses from the vagus nerve and sympathetic nervous system

Front 25

transport blood from the heart to the various tissues of the body and back again to the heart

Back 25

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Front 26

thick walled muscular elastic vessels that transport oxygenated blood from the heart

Back 26

arteries

Front 27

small blood vessels between arteries and capillaries

Back 27

arterioles

Front 28

the smallest blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules

Back 28

capillaries

Front 29

microscopic vessels that continue from the capillaries and merge to form veins

Back 29

venules

Front 30

thinner walled blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood and waste laden blood from capillaries back to the heart

Back 30

veins

Front 31

innermost layer of the blood vessels

Back 31

endothelium

Front 32

middle layer of the blood vessels

Back 32

smooth muscle

Front 33

outer layer of the blood vessels

Back 33

protective connective tissue

Front 34

there are as many as ____ miles of blood vessels in the human body

Back 34

60,000

Front 35

contraction of the arterial walls

Back 35

vasoconstriction

Front 36

relaxation and enlargement of the arterial walls

Back 36

vasodilation

Front 37

the most prevalent process in which substances permeate the capillaries is

Back 37

diffusion

Front 38

a process in which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Back 38

diffusion

Front 39

a process in which blood pressure pushes fluids and substances through the capillary wall and into the tissue spaces

Back 39

filtration

Front 40

a phenomenon that results when muscles contract and exert external pressure on the veins which tends to collapse them

Back 40

venous pump

Front 41

blood circulation from the heart to the lungs and back again to the heart

Back 41

pulmonary circulation

Front 42

blood circulation from the left side of the heart throughout the body and back to the heart

Back 42

general or systemic circulation

Front 43

characterized by an accumulation of fatty deposits on the inner walls of arteries. development of plaque related to cholesterol levels in blood. can interfere with blood flow or make clots.

Back 43

atherosclerosis

Front 44

walls of affected arteries tend to thicken, become fibrous, and lose elasticity

Back 44

arteriosclerosis

Front 45

a blood clot

Back 45

thrombos

Front 46

a clot that breaks loose and floats into the bloodstream (could get lodged and create a heart attack, stroke, etc.)

Back 46

embolus

Front 47

circulatory massage is contraindicated for persons with advanced or diagnosed

Back 47

atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, aneurysm,

Front 48

an inflammation of the vein that can result from injury, surgery, or infection

Back 48

phlebitis

Front 49

the presence of a blood clot in an inflamed vein

Back 49

thrombophlebitis

Front 50

a local distention or ballooning of an artery from a weakening wall

Back 50

aneurysm

Front 51

caused by a disturbance in cerebral circulation and can be due to embolism, atherosclerosis, hemorrhage, or aneurysm.

Back 51

CVA cerebrovascular accident or stroke

Front 52

the result of reduced blood flow in the coronary arteries supplying the heart muscle due to atherosclerosis, narrowed vessels, or embolus

Back 52

myocardial infarction or heart attack

Front 53

protruding bulbous distended superficial veins particularly in the lower legs; extensive back pressure from prolonged standing or blockage

Back 53

varicose veins

Front 54

a mass of blood trapped in some tissue or cavity of the body and is a result of internal bleeding

Back 54

hematoma

Front 55

a bruise is also called a

Back 55

superficial hematoma

Front 56

a condition of excess fluid in the interstitial spaces and is characterized by swelling of the tissues because of excess fluid

Back 56

edema

Front 57

the nutritive fluid circulating throughout the blood vascular system; is salty, sticky, and alkaline and 98.6 degrees.

Back 57

blood

Front 58

avg adult man carries how much blood

Back 58

11 pints or 1/16 to 1/20 of the bodys weight

Front 59

the blood carries

Back 59

water, oxygen, food, and secretions to all areas of the body

Front 60

the blood carries away

Back 60

carbon dioxide and waste to be eliminated through excretory channels

Front 61

the blood equalizes

Back 61

temperature to protect body from extreme heat and cold

Front 62

the blood aids in protecting from

Back 62

bacteria and infections

Front 63

the blood coagulates (clots) to

Back 63

close injured blood vessels and prevent loss of blood through hemorrhage

Front 64

the blood is composed of

Back 64

a liquid connective tissue consisting of a fluid component (plasma) and a solid component (red corps, white corps, and platelets)

Front 65

constitutes 50 to 60 percent of the bloods volume

Back 65

plasma

Front 66

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and transport carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. colored with hemoglobin. formed in red bone marrow. 98% of bloods cells.

Back 66

red corpuscles or erythrocytes

Front 67

blood is bright red in the arteries except the

Back 67

pulmonary artery

Front 68

blood is dark red in the veins except the

Back 68

pulmonary vein

Front 69

an iron protein compound in red blood cells capable of carrying oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells

Back 69

hemoglobin

Front 70

protect the body against diseases by combating infections and toxins that invade the body. larger and colorless. produced in spleen, lymph nodes, and red marrow.

Back 70

white corpuscles or leukocytes

Front 71

a process in which leukocytes engulf and digest harmful bacteria

Back 71

phagocytosis

Front 72

helps to protect the body and keep it safe from pathogens and diseases

Back 72

immune system

Front 73

colorless irregular bodies much smaller than red corpuscles. formed in red marrow. play an important part in clotting over a wound.

Back 73

platelets or thrombocytes

Front 74

a vasoconstrictor, released by platelets, that causes a vascular spasm that temporarily closes the blood vessel

Back 74

serotonin

Front 75

sticks to the damaged blood vessels forming a meshwork that entraps other platelets and blood cells in a clot

Back 75

fibrin

Front 76

the fluid component of blood. straw like color. erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are suspended here. 90 percent is water. The rest is proteins and other substances. transports nutrients and gases and is derived from food and water we take in.

Back 76

plasma

Front 77

a disease characterized by extremely slow clotting of blood and excessive bleeding from even slight cuts. hereditary but mostly men get it.

Back 77

hemophilia

Front 78

a rapid loss or inadequate supply of red blood cells resulting in a lack of body strength and paleness in complexion. can be nutritional, pernicious, hemorrhagic, aplastic, or secondary

Back 78

anemia

Front 79

a form of cancer in which there is an uncontrolled production of white blood cells. resistance to disease is reduced.

Back 79

leukemia

Front 80

is derived from blood and interstitial fluid and is gradually shifted back into the bloodstream. is filtered by lymph nodes.

Back 80

lymph

Front 81

what does the lymph vascular system consist of

Back 81

lymph, lymphatics, lymph ducts, lymph nodes, lacteals and the tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland

Front 82

what is the function of the lymph system

Back 82

collect excess tissue fluid, invading microorganisms, damaged cells, and protein molecules that are toxic to eliminate waste

Front 83

a straw colored fluid that is derived from and very similar to interstitial fluid of the body part from which it flows.

Back 83

lymph

Front 84

lymphatic capillaries located in the villi of the small intestine

Back 84

lacteals

Front 85

located throughout the body with the exception of the epidermis of the skin, the CNS, the bones, and endomysium of most muscles

Back 85

lymph capillaries

Front 86

small intermediate lymph vessels

Back 86

lymphatics

Front 87

the largest lymph vessel that collects lymph from both legs and the left side of the rest of the body

Back 87

thoracic duct

Front 88

all lymph eventually flows into

Back 88

the bloodstream

Front 89

the action of smooth muscle along with external forces creates an extensive system of valves called the

Back 89

lymphatic pump

Front 90

made of lymphoid tissue and are located along the course of the lymphatics. resemble the shape of a bean, about the size of a pinhead to an inch in length. serve to filter and neutralize harmful bacteria and toxic substances preventing spread of infection

Back 90

lymph nodes

Front 91

where are lymph nodes found

Back 91

back of head, neck muscles, under jaw, UE's ie. back elbow, armpit, pecs. abds, pelvis, back knee, and groin

Front 92

massage can increase ____ circulation and clear ____ spaces as well as drain sluggish ______

Back 92

lymph circulation, lymph, lymph nodes

Front 93

to cleanse and regenerate the tissues and organs of the body. stimulates the mvmt of lymph and formation of lymphocytes that produce antibodies to increase the bodies resistance to infection

Back 93

lymph drainage, lymphatic massage

Front 94

submandibular

Back 94

beneath the mandible

Front 95

occipital

Back 95

base of the skull

Front 96

axillary

Back 96

armpit

Front 97

inguinal

Back 97

groin

Front 98

supratrochlear

Back 98

elbow

Front 99

popliteal

Back 99

behind knee

Front 100

mammary

Back 100

breast

Front 101

femoral

Back 101

thigh

Front 102

tibial

Back 102

leg

Front 103

cervical

Back 103

neck

Front 104

anything that can trigger an immune response

Back 104

antigen

Front 105

specialized white blood cells

Back 105

lymphocytes

Front 106

some lymphocytes migrate to the thymus where they develop into specialized types of immune cells called

Back 106

T cells

Front 107

______ and ______ transport white blood cells throughout the body to sites of infection

Back 107

lymphatic vessels and blood vessels

Front 108

the main types of immune cells that bear the major responsibility for immune response. they recognize and coordinate attack against specific microorganisms.

Back 108

B cells and T cells

Front 109

the production of antibodies is the responsibility of the

Back 109

B cells

Front 110

when the immune system mistakenly attacks itself the result is an

Back 110

autoimmune disease

Front 111

attack and destroy antigens directly

Back 111

T cells (killer t cells)1

Front 112

cell that is destroyed by the HIV virus in aids is the

Back 112

helper T cell

Front 113

an antigen that can cause an allergic response in some people

Back 113

allergen

Front 114

blood cells that are able to engulf and digest cellular debris and foreign bodies in the tissues

Back 114

phagocytes

Front 115

all the physiologic mechanisms used by the body as protection against foreign substances

Back 115

immunity

Front 116

present before birth

Back 116

innate immunity

Front 117

results from an encounter with a new substance that triggers events that induce an immune response specific to that particular substance

Back 117

acquired immunity

Front 118

some Tcells and Bcells become _______ and the next time a person encounters the same antigen the immune system is set up to stop the infection before it starts

Back 118

memory cells

Front 119

contains microorganisms that are either dead, weakened, or altered forms of a live infectious organism that stimulates an immune response without causing an illness

Back 119

vaccine

Front 120

an abnormally high body temp that is an immune system response to a viral or bacterial infection or sometimes a response to major tissue damage

Back 120

fever

Front 121

an immune system response to a local infection or injury that acts to isolate and resolve the damage and protect the body from invasion; a reaction of tissue damage

Back 121

inflammation

Front 122

the most advanced stages of the HIV infection in which a significant number of CD4+ lymphocytes have been destroyed and production of new CD4+ can not be created quickly enough to match the rate of destruction

Back 122

AIDs

Front 123

The CD4+ cell count falls below ____ when AIDs is occuring

Back 123

200 per cubic mm of blood