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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of SKIN
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1. First line of defence
2. much normal flora 3. some opportunisitc organisms display on skin 2. skin + accessory structures = integument |
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Three Layers of Skin
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1. Epidermis
2. Dermis 3. Hypodermis |
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Epidermis
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- outermost layer
- layers of cells divided into strata (thick v. thin skin) - no blood supply - top strata dead/dying cells (cant hold water)Corneum - Stratum Basale (inner most layer that replaces cells) - this layer is in constant mitosis |
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Dermis
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- Middle layer
- Connective Tissue: protein fibers, blood, cells, nerves, and sensory receptors - creates the blisters (fluid between dermis and epidermis) - Fingerprints: upper surface has ridges that push up "dermal ridges" (sweat glands spread out creating a pattern) |
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Hypodermis
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- Innermost layer
- Fat tissue (Adipose) - Rich blood supply - Where you want to put a hypodermic needle to get the medicine moving throughout the body the fastest. (subcutaneous injection) |
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Skin Lesions (9 Different types)
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1. Macule
2. Papule 3. Maculopapular rash 4. Plaque 5. Vesicle 6. Pustule 7. Cyst 8. Purpura 9. Scale |
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Macule
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flat discolored lesion
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Papule
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slightly raised solid bump
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Maculopapular rash
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raised, discolored rash
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Plaque
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flat lesion greater than 1 cm
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Vesicle
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fluid-filled lesion
"bulla" = large vesicle |
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Pustule
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small lesion filled with pus
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Cyst
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raised solid lesion (flushed appearance) breaking of blood vessels
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Scale
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flakey lesions (more than the normal amount of dead skin loss)
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The 6 Diseases of the Skin
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1. Anthrax
2. Tetanus 3. Gangrene 4. Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) 5. Staph 6. Necrotizing fasciitis |
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Anthrax
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- "Bacillus Anthracis"
- endospore forming bacterium Respiratory Form: through lungs 50% mortality rate Cutaenous Form: through cut in skin |
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Cutaneous Anthrax
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- causes pauple that becomes eschar (dark scab that sloughs off)
- 20% mortality rate |
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Digestive Anthrax
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- secretes toxins
- 20% mortality rate - enters on hands or in infected food |
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Tetanus
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- Caused by "Clostridium Tetani"
- Neuromuscular disease -> infects through the skin - Creates Obligate Anaerobe: deep puncture wound is the perfect infection sight. - releases neurotoxins that inhibits muscle relaxation (state of tetani: constant contraction) |
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Gangrene (myonecrosis)
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- "Clostridium perfringens"
- resides in soil, skin, intestines, vagina - infects damaged tissue |
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2 Forms of pathogenesis in Gangrene
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1. Bacteria around site but remains localized (stays in site and secretes toxins)
2. Bacteria divides in large muscle, sends toxins out to other muscles and areas |
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Gas Gangrene Symptoms
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Pain, edema, fever, tachycardia (speeding heart), skin lesions filled with gas, body exudate
- if it gets into the blood system it is often fatal (impaired blood circulation) |
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Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
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- Mycrobacterium leprae
- Affects skin and nerves |
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2 Forms of Leprosy
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1. Lepromatus- causes disfigurment of skin (facial features)
2. Bacterium- slow growing (cant be grown in a culture), obligate parasite (cant duplicate on own) social stigma-> isolation |
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Staph
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- "Staphylococcus aureus"
- Resident organism on skin - Can cause many diseases |
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Diseases caused by staph
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impetigo, pneumonia, toxoc shock syndrome, sepsis, scalded skin syndrome
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Impetigo
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skin blisters with scabs
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Pneumonia
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if staph reaches lungs
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Toxic shock syndrome
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staph: enetering small cut in the vaginal wall -> blood infection
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Sepsis
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Blood Infection, shutting down the organs due to staph
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Scalded Skin Syndrome
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SSSS in babies when they come through the birth canal and are exposed to staph.
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MRSA
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methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. nosocomial problem. type of staph
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Necrotizing Fasciitis
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group A streptococcus (GAS)
streptococcus pyogenes or staphylococcus aureus. This is opportunistic bacteria that invades the skin through a cut or abrasion. |
