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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory Tract Structures
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Upper and Lower
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Upper Respiratory Tract
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nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx (throat), larynx, glottis, epiglottis
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Lower Respiratory Tract
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trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli
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Nose
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is better to breathe through because it moistens the air and the hair catches things
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sinus
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moistens and heats the air. affects the voice
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epiglottis
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cartiledge flap that keeps things from getting in
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pharynx
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3 zones leading down into the larynx
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larynx
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vocal chords cartiledge structure
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Respiratory Tract Defences (6)
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- Mucus Membranes
- Hair and Bone Structures - Ciliary Escalator - Coughing, Sneezing, Swallowing - Lymph tissue (tonsils) - Macrophages (lower) |
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Mucus Membranes
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Defence. Mucus lines the tract to pick up things
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Hair and Bone Structures (nasal cavities)
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attracts foreign invaders. bones in nose have ridges that cause air to swirl around
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Ciliary Escalator
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Defence. these are upward moving cilia
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alveoli
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air sacs where we really do our respiration. (it is one cell thick so it is very fragile)
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Normal Flora
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- Only in Upper RT
- Mostly Gram and bacteria - we become immune to our own normal flora, but not to others. |
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streptococcus pyogenes
(NF) |
Strep Throat
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
(NF |
this is menengerial pneumonia
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Staphylococcus aureas
(NF) |
everywhere on us
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Corynebacterium
(NF) |
cause infections
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Haemophilus influenza
(NF) |
Hospital Pneumonia
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Neisseria meningitidis
(NF) |
Bacterial Menengitis
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Common RT Diseases 7
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- Pharyngitis
- Hemophilus - Bacterial Pneumonia - TB - Influenza and Colds - Hantavirus - Pertussis (Whooping Cough) |
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Pharyngitis
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- Sore throat
- virus = S Pyogenes - There are complications of strep throat |
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Strep Throat (Pharyngitis) Complications if untreated (3)
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1. Scarlet fever - if it is infected with a virus (high fever and rash)
2. Rheumatic fever - 3 wks after sore throat. damage heart valves 3. glomerulonephritis - kidney disorder, permanent damage |
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Hemophilus
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- Bacterial RT infection
- Caused by hemophilus influenzae b |
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Symptoms of Hemophilus
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1. Menengitis (fever)
2. Stiff neck 3. headache 4. sensitivity to light 5. arthritis 6. sepsis 7. pneumonia |
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Who is at risk for Hemophilus?
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- Children are at high risk
- Adults get nosocomial pneumonia |
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Bacterial Pneumonia
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- variety of bacteria
- mild to severe - starts with fever |
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Serious Forms of Bacterial Pneumonia
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1. Legionnaire's Disease
2. Streptococcus Pneumoniae (2/3 of community gets it) 3. Haemophilus influenzae - past disease |
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Tuberculosis (TB)
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- Caused by: Mycrobacterium tuberculosis
- "Consumption" / "wasting" |
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Treatment of TB
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streptomycin, the vaccine is more effective for children than adults.
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History of TB
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Egyptian Mummies and alot of others
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Influenza and Colds
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- Viruses
- Common Cold: there are different viruses, but they have the same symptoms |
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Upper RT Influenza Forms
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Caused by either the A, B, or C virus
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Antigenic Shift of Influenza
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they are unrecognized by the immune system so they retain the ability to attach.
This is why you cant cure the flu because it just keeps mutating. |
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Ways to help the Flu
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Relenza and Tamiflu - they just shorten the duration
if taken earlier they work better |
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Hybrid Influenza Virus
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if an influenza virus from another species adapts into a human virus it could be a HUGE danger
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Hantavirus
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- in dust infected with urine, feces, and saliva of infected rodents.
- Can cause severe pneumonia |
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Outbreak of Hantavirus
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1993 Navajo reservation: mortality was 33%
- increase along the mississippi river. |
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Pertussis
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Whooping Cough caused by Bordetella pertussis
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3 stages of Pertussis
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1. Catarrhal- infection occuring (cold like symptoms) intense mucus
2. Paroxysmal- uncontrollable coughing (cough till vomit) 3. Convalescent- numbers declining, signs and symptoms abate organisms and are present for weeks. |
