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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is innate immunity?
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Basic nonspecific resistance to disease that a species possesses; first line of defense.
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Why is innate immunity important?
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It controls the spread of initial infection before adaptive immunity. Takes 4-7 days for adaptive to kick in
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What are the charac of innate imun?
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Broad spectrum response, no memory, limited recognition that’s high conserved. Influences charac of adaptive immun
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Temporal seq of innate immun
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2 phases. 1) Immediate (0-4hr) attack w/ preformed non-specific effectors. 2)Early induced (4-96hr) Recruit effector cells (recog & activation)
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What are the elements of innate immun?
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Barriers, circ effector cells, circ effector proteins, & induced factors
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What are the barriers of innate immun?
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1st encounter. Restrict the entry, always working, natural. Physical: skin & mucus membranes. Chemical: antibacterial peptides (defensins) & enzymes in secretions (lysozyme & pepsin). Microbiological: normal flora
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Importance of epithelial protection
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Major cause of mortality or morbidity when breached in wounds & burns. W/o injury pathogens must bind molec on epi suface to being avoid washed away
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Importance of mucus flow
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Defective secretion, ciliary movement, or perestalsis results in inc bacterial colonization (eg cystic fibrosis)
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What are effector cells?
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Phagocytes (maro in tissue & PMN in circ), NK cells, & dendritic
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What are the circ effector proteins?
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Complement, mannose binding lectin, c-reactive protein, coagulation factors, serpins/alpha2 macroglobulin
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What are PMN cells?
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Polymorphonuclear leukocytes-(granulocytes) short-lived phago in circ that contain lysosomes, produce peroxide, & superoxide radicals. Protein: lacto-ferrin
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What are macrophages?
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long-lived Phago derived from monocytes in marrow migrate from blood to tissue (name changes when in tissue)
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Mech of macros & PMN
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Use surface receptors to recog. Macro 1st encounter pathogen-> recruits PMN. Engulf->phagosome->acidification->merge w/ lysosome
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What are the bactericidal agents produced by phagos?
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Acid, lysozymes, acid hydrolases, toxic oxy, NO, defensins, cationic proteins
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What are the competitors of phagos?
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Lactoferrin: binds Fe & B12 to prevent bacteria uptake
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What are the receptors of macros?
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LPS (CD14), CR3, mannose, glucan, scavenger, toll
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What are PAMPs?
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Pathogen Assoc Molec Patterns: patterns of molec signatures on microorganisms that are specific to class & essential for survival. Bind PRR.
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What are PRR?
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Pathogen Recognition Receptors: (Toll-like receptors)main recog elements for microbial patterns. Bind PAMPs
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Important microbial mech of phags
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Catalytic conversion of oxy to oxyhalide free radicals (highly reactive)
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What is the major free radical generating sys in phagos?
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Phagocyte oxidase system: NADPHoxidase. Multisubunit complex responsible for generating superoxide radicals
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What is chronic granulamatous disease?
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(CGH) A primary immune deficiency caused by defective phago oxidase sys
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Charac of inflammation
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Pain, redness, heat, & swelling. Inc vessel diameter, flow, reduction in velocity, & inc permeability
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3 important roles of inflammation
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2) delivers additional effector cells 2) provides physical barrier 3) promotes repair
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Cytokines secreted by macros
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Il-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, CXCL8, IL-12. Recruit neutrophils
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Fcn of type I interferons
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IFN-alpha & beta: induce resistance to viral replication in all cells, inc MHC I, activate NK cells
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What are NK cells
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Circ large granular cells. Early responders to virus, no specificity, express C16, secret perforin, granzyme, IFN, & TNF
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What are complement proteins?
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Circ effectors in proenzyme form. Can directly bind microbes & recruit other effectors
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