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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Diameter of a Prokaryote? (Micrometer=? Meter) |
1 - 10 Micrometer in diameter (Micrometer = 10*10^-6 M) |
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What are the 3 Main shapes of Bacteria? |
- spherical(Cocci) - rodlike(bacilli) - spiral/ corkscrew-shaped(בורג) |
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How does the DNA is organized in a prokaryote, how much genes contained? |
prokaryote are haploids, their dna is arranged in region called nucleoid. It is circular, attached to plasma membrane and has HLP
Contains 1000 - 4000 genes |
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Plasmids replicate... |
Autonomously in the cell. used as cloning vectors |
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Which type of Ribosome is present in a prokaryote?(full composition) where does transcription and translation occurs? |
70s Ribosome, built from 2 main parts: -50s Large subunit consists of 5s, 23s rRNA -30s Small subunit consists of 16 rRNA Transcription and translation occurs in the cytoplasm
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What is missing from the prokaryotic cytoplasm? |
Cytoplasm is without classical cytoskeleton and mostly without organelles. |
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does a prokaryote have internal membranes? |
yes, only in the form of membrane invagination |
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Mention cell wall types and second name of its main constituent |
Gram positive - thick peptioglycen layer followed by plasma membrane. maintains violet after alcohol wash.
Gram negative - Lipopolysaccharide outer membrane followed by a thin peptioglycen layer - both of the consists the cell wall and are followed by the standard plasma membrane. Gram negative doesn't maintain violet color after ethanol or acetone wash(gain red) Mycoplasma - type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall. *peptioglycen is also called murein |
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Essential ways of acquiring energy |
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What are the characteristics of archaea, the second major group of prokaryotes? |
- Chromosonal DNA is organized in structures similar to nucleosomes - tRNA and rRNA genes contain introns -Cell wall from pseudopeptidoglycan |
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2 characteristics of Prokaryotic Flagella |
-Built from the protein flagellin -doesn't covered by membrane *Very different from Eukaryotic flagella |
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Elaborate on archeal cell wall |
-Most archaea contain a cell wall, except Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma -Lacks peptioglycen |
