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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organism that contains prophage that codes for erythrogenic toxin that produces damage to capillaries and SCARLET Fever rash |
Streptococcus pyogenes |
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Organisms that contains prophage that codes for diphtheria toxin that inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells |
Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
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Organism that contains prophage that codes for SHIGA toxin that produces bloody diarrhea |
E. Coli O157:H7 |
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Type of transduction where any part of the genome can be transferred. Occurs during lytic cycle, due to poorly controlled self assembly of Viral and bacterial DNA. |
Generalized Transduction |
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Type of transduction carried out with Template phages, where only Specific portion of genome is transferred |
Specialized transduction |
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Transfer of bacterial genes by viruses |
Transduction |
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Organism Griffith used to show Transformation |
Streptococcus pneumonia |
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Gram positive cells that naturally transform |
Bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus |
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Gram negative cells that naturally transform |
Haemophilus, Neisseria, Acinobacter |
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Cells that can take up donor DNA |
competent cells |
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3 different kinds of conjugation |
F+ x F- mating, HFr, F' |
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In this type of conjugation, the F factor incorrectly leaves the host chromosome |
F' conjugation |
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In this type of conjugation an F factor from + donor is transferred to F - recipient and does NOT integrate |
F+ x F- |
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Type of conjugation where the donor has an F factor integrated into its chromosome. |
HFr |
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Jumping Genes |
Transposons |
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Recombination involving recipricol exchange carried out by RecA that breaks DNA |
Homologous |
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Recombination involving insertion of prophage into host genome at specific target sites by recombinase enzymes |
site specific |
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A mutual exchange of genes from one organism to another that expands ecological niches, increases virulence and helps in evolution |
Horizontal Gene transfer |
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An inducible repair system that repairs excessive damage by stopping replication and leaving Gaps. Uses RecA and destroys LexA |
SOS Response |
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Repair of DNA in both strands catalyzed by RecA that may cause more problems |
Recombo repair |
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Direct replacement of thymine dimers |
Photo reactivation |
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Direct repair of DNA (by bacteria) corrects DNA without doing what? |
Removing the damaged regions |
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Catalysts of photoreactivation |
alkyltransferase, methylguanine, methyltransferase |
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Test used to find Carcinogens |
Ames Test |
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Organism used in Ames test |
Salmonella |
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In direct mutant selection the ? grows while ? is inhibited |
Mutant grows |
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In indirect mutant selection the ? grows while ? is inhibited (Replica plating) |
Mutant does not grow |
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Mutants unable to make essential macromolecules, have a NEED |
Auxotrophic |
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From mutant phenotype to wild type |
Reverse mutation |
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From wild type to mutant phenotype |
FWD |
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Ionizing radiation/gamma rays damages ? |
sugar phosphate backbone |
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Major mutagen in tobacco |
Benzopyrene |
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DNA modigying agent that adds methyl to guanine causing it to pair with T |
Methyl- nitrosoguanidine |
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Insert themselves between bases of DNA helix |
intercalating agents |
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Intercalating agent associated with morning sickness pill that caused deformities in children |
Ethidium bromide |
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Intercalating agent that binds to nucleic acid that fluoresces green in Double stranded and red in single stranded |
Acridine Orange |
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Base analog that replaces A but pairs with C |
2 - aminopurine |
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Base analog that replaces T but pairs with G |
5 - bromouracil |
