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Morphology

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The form and structure of an organism or one of its parts

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Cocci/coccus

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A bacterium having a spherical or spheroidal shape

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Diplococci/diplococcus

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a round bacterium (a coccus) that typically occurs in pairs of two joined cells

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Tetrads

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Packets of four cells

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Bacilli/bacillus

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Rod-shaped Bacteria

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Vibrios

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Short, curved bacteria, rods with a single curve.

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Spirilla

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Rigid rods with one or more curves

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Spirochetes

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Extremely thin rod shaped organisms

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Pleomorphic

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Denotes variations between species.

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Epulopiscium Fishelsoni

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("Fishelson's guest at a fish's banquet") is a Gram-positive bacterium that has a symbiotic relationship with the surgeonfish.

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Thiomargarita Namibiensis

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is a gram-negative coccoid Proteobacterium, found in the ocean sediments of the continental shelf of Namibia.

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Organelles

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A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.

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Chromosomes

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A circular strand of DNA in bacteria that contains the hereditary information necessary for cell life.

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Histones

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Any of several small, basic proteins most commonly found in association with the DNA in the chromatin of eukaryotes.

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Binary fission

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A method of asexual reproduction that involves the splitting of a parent cell into two approximately equal parts.

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Budding

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a form of asexual reproduction. In single-celled organisms, such as budding yeast, it differs from binary fission in that the two resulting cells are not of equal size.

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Mitosis

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The process in cell division by which the nucleus divides, typically consisting of four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and normally resulting in two new nuclei, each of which contains a complete copy of the parental chromosomes. Also called karyokinesis.

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Meiosis

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The process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid, leading to the production of gametes in animals and spores in plants.

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Zygote

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The cell formed by the union of two gametes, especially a fertilized ovum before cleavage.

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Microtubules

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. Microtubules serve as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vesicular transport.

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Cytoskeleton

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The internal framework of a cell, composed largely of actin filaments and microtubules.

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Cytoplasmic Streaming

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Intracellular movement involving irreversible deformation of the cytoplasm produced by endogenous forces.

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Flagella

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a tail-like projection that protrudes from the cell body of certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and functions in locomotion

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Ribosomes (70S/80S)

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Small particles, present in large numbers in every living cell, whose function is to convert stored genetic information into protein molecules

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Peptidoglycan

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A polymer found in the cell walls of prokaryotes that consists of polysaccharide and peptide chains in a strong molecular network

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Cellulose

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A polymer of glucose in beta 1,4 linkages found in the cell wall of plants and other organisms.

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Chitin

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A tough, protective, semitransparent substance, primarily a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide, forming the principal component of arthropod exoskeletons and the cell walls of certain fungi.