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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What causes expansion of rare specific T cells?
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Antigen-specific activation.
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What can CD4 progeny cells become? What are the cytokines produced by each of these cells?
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Th-1 (produce IL-2 and IFN-gamma) or Th-2 cells (IL-4 and IL-10).
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This cell type favors cell mediated immunity.
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Th-1.
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This cell type favors antibody production.
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Th-2.
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Activation and expression of __ makes cytotoxicity more effective?
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CD 8 cytotoxic T cells.
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Describe the specificity and life span of a T memory cell.
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Same specificity as when it was a T cell. Long life span.
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How do superantigens cause tissue damage?
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Superantigens bind WITHOUT SPECIFICITY to a TCR beta chain, causing APCs and T cells to interact without specificity. Cytokines elicited in this process cause inflammation, which damages host tissues.
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Production of __ or __ is the hallmark of T cell activation.
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Production of IL-2 or IL-4.
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__ is the most important cytokine promoting the proliferation of specifically activated T cells.
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IL-2.
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Which cells have higher receptor affinity for IL-2?
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CD4 and CD8 cells.
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What kind of growth factor can IL-2 be?
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Paracrine or autocrine.
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What does activation of IL-2 lead to?
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Activation of clonal expansion.
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These two cells are the principal producers of IFN-gamma.
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CD4-T cells and NK cells.
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__ is a potent macrophage activator.
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IFN-gamma.
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IFN-gamma enhances macrophage synthesis of what three cytokines that contribute to inflammation? What else does IFN-gamma increase in macrophages?
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TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6. Also increases production of reactive oxygen species and inducible NO.
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__ acts directly to stimulate differentiation of Th cells to the Th-1 subset? What does it induce in B cells?
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IFN-gamma. Also induces B cells to secrete IgG2a and IgG3.
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Th-2 cells produce what four cytokines? Since these are Th-2 cytokines, which form of immunity do they favor?
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IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13. They favor B cell activation and therefore, they favor antibody-mediated immunity.
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What does IL-4 stimulate in T cells and B cells?
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IL-4 --> T cell maturation to Th2 cells. IL-4 --> B cell Ig class switching to IgE.
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Which interleukin inhibits macrophage activation?
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IL-4.
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Which cells synthesize IL-10?
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Th-2 cells.
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How does IL-10 decrease MHC-II and B7 expression?
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IL-10 down-regulates macrophages.
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What three cytokines does IL-10 inhibit?
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IL-1, IL-2, and TNF-alpha.
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__ induces inflammation and is produced by Th-17 cells.
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IL-17.
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These three cytokines modulate T cells and are secreted by macrophages.
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TGFβ, IL-12, IL-18.
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TGF-beta mostly acts as an inhibitor of __ and __ activation.
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T cells and macrophages.
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Which interleukin stimulates IFN-gamma synthesis?
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IL-18.
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These two interleukins can enhance cytotoxic activities of CTL and NK cells.
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IL-12 and IL-18.
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What do CTLs produce to mediate their cytotoxicity against tumor cells?
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TNF-alpha.
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These two cytokines from Th-1 cells activate NK cells.
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IL-2 and/or IFN-gamma.
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B cells rely on __ __ __ for their growth and differentiation into antibody producing cells.
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T cell derived cytokines.
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__ is the most important cytokine receptor?
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IL-2.
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What increases TCR affinity for IL-2?
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Binding of the IL-2R alpha chain to the beta-gamma complex.
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IL-2R signals through which cell signaling pathway?
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JAK-STAT.
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