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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What impact did the fall of Teotihuacan have on Mexico and Mesoamerica? |
The fall of this city caused war and violence. Not just from each other, but from tribes in the northwest.
A power struggle between cities, and rise in militarism. Widespread from the Northwest to the Mayan world. Ancient Mexican dark age. |
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What is Cacaxtla most famous for? |
Their vibrant murals. |
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Xochicalo is most famous for what striking structure? What were they trying to recreate? Anything special about this particular structure? |
Their own temple of Quetzalcoatl. They were trying to recreate the power and prestige of Teotihuacan. This temple however has a depiction of a ruler. |
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When did Cantona flourish? Any notable remains? |
*600AD *Notable remains included 24 ball courts. 7+ square miles in size *mysterious site *Population of 60,000 *second largest city (after Teotihuacan *Planned residential housing, but are asymmetrical *Had walkways, gates, and moats that controlled entrance and exit and travel throughout the city *24 ballcourts |
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How extensive is El Tajin? When did it flourish? Any extremely important structures? |
*Flourished at 700AD. *Grew maize, vanilla, cacao and tobacco. *Main site is 146 acres with buildings scattered for thousands of acres. *Pyramid of Niches. |
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What was El Tajin obsessed with? Do we have any evidence to back it up? |
*Obsessed with ball games, self sacrifice and death. *Many images depicting rituals after ball games, such as sacrifices and the skeletal Death God |
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What is the distinct pottery and building style of Teotihuacan? |
Thin Orange and Talud Tablero
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Farmers began moving to Northwestern Mesoamerica. There are two important sites in this area. What are they? |
La Quemada - where the tzompantli (skull rack) was created Alta Vista - a mining industry |
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What changes took place in Mexico when the Toltecs became the most important city? |
*New trade alliances formed *Militarism became huge *Metallurgy was introduced *Turquoise and Jade became symbols of power and wealth |
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Where did the Chichimeca originate? What is known about these people? |
*Originated from Northwestern Mexico
*Worked with turquoise, feathers, and obsidian *Depicted as barbarians from other cultures |
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What is the relationship of Tula and Toltec? What is one part of the society? |
*Tula is the capital of the Toltec region *One part of their society consists of artists which was a dominant group |
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What was up with Tula's domestic architecture? How does it compare with the settlement pattern of Teotihuacan? |
*Homes had flat roofs and housed up to 5 families *Tula's settlement pattern was a grid like Teotihuacan's |
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What was the connection between Tula and Chichen Itza? |
*Had similar architecture *Both had images of Quetzalcoatl *Both had the tzompantli with the same shape and ball courts as well |
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Mitla is the center of what civilization? Why is it's architecture so awe inspiring? |
*Center of Zapotec civilization *Extremely elaborate decoration to buildings that were geometric and symmetrical with mozaics and patterns |
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The Mixtecs are known for what piece of history? Why is it important? |
Known for the four codices. These documented the major events of native rulers. |
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Where were the Tarascans located? Any significant aspects of their society? |
*Lake Patzcuaro
*Because they lived so close to water, they had an abundance of fish *Their ruler was the chief of war and the supreme judge. *Occupational groups (such as artists, metalworkers, etc) had their own top dogs so to say. |
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Describe the Aztec's humble beginnings. Where did they originate? Where did they settle and when? |
*Refugees of Tula's downfall. *Seen as barbarians and were squatters until they were kicked out of various areas. *Were passed along from civilization to civilization. Were protected, but in some cases servants or warriors *hired mercenaries *Settles in 1300AD in a swampy island |
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How did the Aztecs rise to power? Describe the Triple Alliance. |
The Aztecs not only re-wrote history but saw themselves as the chosen people to gather the hearts of victims to keep the sun rising and setting. With this mission, they began fighting and conquering neighboring lands with the help of two other civilizations with the same goals. |
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How successful were the Aztecs in expanding their rule? How extensive was their empire by the 16th century? |
They conquered many areas. They even conquered the Toltec region! They spread their rule and influence all the way into the Mayan territory. |
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Tell me about the Rise and Development of Teotihuacan |
*Means “where the gods created the Earth. Divine qualities People fled to Teotihuacan where no volcanic eruptions were. Build in three phases: *1st phase Pyramid of the Sun and Moon (and the plaza) *2nd phase Pyramid of the Quetzalcoatl, AotD and ciudaela *3rd phase Housing compounds These three construction stages are under different phases of rulers |
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Tell me about the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon |
Pyramid of the Sun is South east from the Avenue of the Dead. *phase 1 (100-200AD) *Believed to host a cave where the gods emerged to sacrifice themselves to rise + set the sun. Pyramid of the Moon is the beginning of the AotD. *Believed to be a tomb *where 200 young men buried neatly around strangled. *Recreation of Cerro Gordo, their nourishment mountain. Transmuting the spiritual power of the mountain to the pyramid *has a plaza |
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Ciudaela and Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl |
*phase 2 (200-300AD) *11 acres of enclosed space *hosts the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl *lavishly decorated with Quetzalcoatl and Tlaloc heads |
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Teotihuacan's Residential Housing |
*plotted in a grid pattern *Palaces hosted many families, and could have up to 300+ people and some had plumbing *Closer you lived in the center, the more important you are |
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Talud Tablero |
*The distinct building style of Teotihuacan. *Talud (think protrude) and Tablero (table) *Used on palaces, buildings, houses, everywhere. No matter the class. *Was sealed in plaster and painted *Found in other sites which shows its influence on the world around it. |
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"Invisible Kings" |
*Are not individual but ruling families and lineages that shared power *Different building phases correspond with ruling phases |
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Feathered Serpent Cult |
Olmec’s “Cult of the Ruler” aspects *Dynasty of rulers are all semi-divine. They come from the founder of Teotihuacan who is divine. *Feathered Serpent is a divine and a royal title |
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Military Groups |
*Animal warriors such as Jaguar, Wolf, or Eagle warriors *Loyal protectors *Evidence found in Atetelca palace |
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Cholula |
*200-500AD *Population of 20,000 *never gets abandoned *hosts the largest pyramid in the world *was influenced by Teotihuacan but never dominated |
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Matacapan |
*200-400AD *population of 10,000 *Everything is Teotihuacano |
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Kaminaljuyu |
*300BC-200AD *Evidence of talud tablero *hundreds of miles away from Teotihuacan all the way in the Maya world! *dominated by Maya highlands who are influenced by Teotihuacan! |
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With Cholula, Matacapan, and Kaminaljuyu, what do they tell you about Teotihuacan's influence and power? |
These three show the extensive influence and control Teotihuacan has over these regions and how far the influence spread |
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What caused the Decline and of Teotihuacan? |
* Massive deforestation. Since they need to burn wood to build homes there are no trees *Climate becomes colder and drier and the springs dry up and there’s less rain *No animals means no meat! Protein deficiency and malnutrition *Mortality rate before the age of 5 is 50% *Erosion of soil. No animals means no plowing to reach fresh soil *Due to a volcanic eruption in present-day Indonesia, the smoke caused less sunlight |
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What was the impact of the fall of Teotihuacan? |
The fall of this city caused war and violence. Not just from each other, but from tribes in the northwest. The Chichimecs. A power struggle between cities, and rise in militarism. Widespread from the Northwest to the Mayan world. Ancient Mexican dark age. |
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What three sites were the result of Teotihuacan's fall? |
Cacaxtla, Xochicalco, and Cantona |
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What three sites show the influence of Teotihuacan? |
Cholula, Matacapan, and Kaminaljuyu |
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What is special about Cholula? |
Was never completely abandoned and was never dominated by Teotihuacan |
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What is special about Kaminaljuyu? |
Located alll the way in the Maya world and was influenced by Teotihuacan. |
