May 29 2015 Geriatric Dentistry 177

Front 1

Actinomyces

Back 1

Gram positive bacterium that causes various diseases in humans.

Front 2

angina pectoris

Back 2

Severe pain around the heart caused by a relative deficiency of oxygen supply to the heart muscle.

Front 3

anticholinergic

Back 3

Agent that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses.

Front 4

antihistamine

Back 4

Agent that opposes the action of histamine, which is released from injured cells.

Front 5

antihypertensive

Back 5

Agent that controls high blood pressure.

Front 6

antimetabolites

Back 6

Substance that opposes the action of a metabolite and is structurally similar to it.

Front 7

antiparkinsonian

Back 7

Agent used in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease.

Front 8

APF

Back 8

Acidulated phosphoric fluoride, has a pH of 3.5 and contains hydrofluoric acid.

Front 9

arrhythmia

Back 9

Irregularity of the heartbeat.

Front 10

arteritis

Back 10

Inflammation of the arteries, as seen in diabetic patients.

Front 11

arthritis

Back 11

Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and frequently, changes in structure.

Front 12

ataxia

Back 12

Defective muscular coordination, especially when voluntary muscular movements are attempted.

Front 13

atherosclerosis

Back 13

Most common form of arteriosclerosis, marked by cholesterol-lipid-calcium deposits in artery linings.

Front 14

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 14

Involuntary part of the nervous system which represents the motor innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and gland cells; consists of two anatomically and physiologically distinct components.

Front 15

bacteremia

Back 15

Condition when bacteria is present in the blood.

Front 16

basal ganglia

Back 16

Masses of gray matter in the cerebral hemispheres responsible for initiating links in complex motor circuits.

Front 17

calcification

Back 17

Process in which organic tissue (enamel, nerve tissue) becomes hardened.

Front 18

carious lesion

Back 18

Area on the root or tooth that is soft and disintegrating.

Front 19

cementoenamel

Back 19

Point where the cementum of the root surface and the enamel of the crown meet.

Front 20

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Back 20

Stroke; general term applied to cerebrovascular conditions that accompany either ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions; usually secondary to atherosclerotic disease, hypertension, or both.

Front 21

cervical caries

Back 21

Caries involving the neck of the tooth, above or below the junction between the root cementum and the enamel crown.

Front 22

cholinergic

Back 22

Agent that produces an effect of acetylcholine.

Front 23

CNS

Back 23

Central nervous system, the brain and spinal cord.

Front 24

cognitive function

Back 24

Awareness with perception, reasoning, intuition, judgment, and memory; persons with normally functioning processes will have insight into his or her illness.

Front 25

congenital heart disease

Back 25

Heart disease present at birth.

Front 26

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Back 26

Inability of the heart to maintain circulation due to sodium and water retention resulting in edema and congestion in the lungs and/or peripheral circulatory system.

Front 27

contraindication

Back 27

Symptom or circumstance indicating the inappropriateness of an otherwise advisable treatment or usage.

Front 28

degenerative

Back 28

Deteriorating.

Front 29

dementia

Back 29

General designation for mental deterioration.

Front 30

demineralization

Back 30

Loss of hardened structure from the tooth surface.

Front 31

dentifrice

Back 31

Toothpaste.

Front 32

diabetes mellitus

Back 32

Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, marked by hyperglycemia and resulting from the inadequate production or use of insulin.

Front 33

disorientation

Back 33

Loss of bearings, or state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity.

Front 34

diuretic

Back 34

Agent that increases urine secretion.

Front 35

dopamine

Back 35

Catecholamine neurotransmitter synthesized by the adrenal gland, implicated in some forms of psychosis and abnormal movement disorders.

Front 36

dystonic

Back 36

State of abnormal tonicity in any tissues.

Front 37

emphysema

Back 37

Chronic pulmonary disease.

Front 38

endocarditis

Back 38

Inflammation in the lining of the heart that may involve the heart valves; resulting from an invasion of microorganisms or an abnormal immunological reaction.

Front 39

epinephrine

Back 39

Vasoconstrictor used in some local anesthetics to prolong the anesthetizing action.

Front 40

etiology

Back 40

The cause of a disease.

Front 41

gerontologist

Back 41

Individual who studies all aspects of aging, including physiological, pathological, psychological, economic, and sociological problems.

Front 42

hemiplegia

Back 42

Paralysis on one side of the body.

Front 43

hemostasis

Back 43

Arrest of bleeding.

Front 44

hyperglycemic

Back 44

Increased blood sugar as in diabetes; increases susceptibility to infections.

Front 45

hypertension

Back 45

Condition in which the individual has a higher than normal blood pressure.

Front 46

hypertrophy

Back 46

Increase in size.

Front 47

hypotension

Back 47

Condition in which the individual has a lower than normal blood pressure.

Front 48

incontinence

Back 48

Inability to retain urine or feces because of loss of sphincter control or cerebral or spinal lesions.

Front 49

insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM)

Back 49

Type I diabetes in which the individual must administer insulin shots to control insulin levels.

Front 50

intramuscularly

Back 50

Administration within a muscle.

Front 51

intravenously

Back 51

Administration within a vein.

Front 52

myocardial infarction

Back 52

Condition in which there is partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries; a heart attack.

Front 53

myocardium

Back 53

Middle layers of the walls of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle.

Front 54

NaF

Back 54

Sodium fluoride; used in the prevention of dental caries.

Front 55

nephropathy

Back 55

Disease of the kidneys.

Front 56

neuropathy

Back 56

Classical term for any disorder affecting any segment of the nervous system.

Front 57

neurotransmitter

Back 57

Specialized chemicals produced by the nerve cells that assist in transferring information from one neuron to the next.

Front 58

neuron

Back 58

Nerve cell.

Front 59

non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM)

Back 59

Type II diabetes in which the individual is able to control insulin levels through diet or oral medication.

Front 60

odontoblast

Back 60

One of the cells forming the surface layer of the dental papilla that is responsible for the formation of the dentin of a tooth; after the tooth is formed, the odontoblasts line the pulp cavity and continue to produce dentin.

Front 61

orthostatic

Back 61

Effect caused by standing or sitting upright too quickly.

Front 62

overalimentation

Back 62

Process of over-nourishing the body with food.

Front 63

Parkinson's disease

Back 63

Chronic nervous disease characterized by a fine, slowly spreading tremor, muscular weakness and rigidity, and a peculiar gait.

Front 64

ppm

Back 64

Parts per million; used in fluoride classification.

Front 65

primary

Back 65

Principal.

Front 66

prophylactic

Back 66

Agent or regimen that contributes to the prevention of infection and disease.

Front 67

prosthetic

Back 67

Replaced body parts, as in joints.

Front 68

prothrombin time

Back 68

Time it takes for clotting to occur after thromboplastin and calcium are added to decalcified blood; used to evaluate the effect of administration of anticoagulant drugs.

Front 69

psychomotor

Back 69

Concerning physical activity associated with mental processes.

Front 70

quinolone

Back 70

General class of broad spectrum antibiotics that are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and have a low incidence of adverse reactions.

Front 71

recurrent caries

Back 71

Dental caries that develop at the small imperfections between the tooth surface and a restoration, caused by plaque at the imperfections.

Front 72

regimen

Back 72

System designed to improve or maintain a certain condition under control.

Front 73

remineralization

Back 73

Therapeutic replacement of the mineral content of the tooth after it has been disrupted by caries or improper diet.

Front 74

reparative dentin

Back 74

Secondary dentin.

Front 75

retinopathy

Back 75

Disorder of the retina.

Front 76

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 76

Acute and chronic arthritis, characterized by inflammation, muscle soreness and stiffness, and pain in joints and associated structures; can affect any joint in the body.

Front 77

root caries

Back 77

Caries on the root of the tooth, which is more susceptible to decay than the rest of the tooth due to the lack of an enamel covering, difficulty in maintaining a clean surface, and lack of preventative therapies.

Front 78

secondary

Back 78

Produced by a primary cause.

Front 79

Sjögren's syndrome

Back 79

Chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder, characterized by dry eyes and mouth, and recurrent salivary enlargement.

Front 80

SnF2

Back 80

Fluoride compound used in the prevention of caries.

Front 81

streptococcus mutans

Back 81

Species of streptococci that has been implicated in dental caries and endocarditis.

Front 82

tachycardia

Back 82

Abnormal rapidity of heart action, usually defined as a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minutes in adults.

Front 83

vasoconstrictors

Back 83

Agent that causes constriction of the blood vessels; found in some local anesthetics.

Front 84

xerostomia

Back 84

Dryness of the mouth caused by abnormal reduction in the amount of salivary secretion; may occur in diabetes, hysteria, acute infections, and some types of neuroses and may be induced by certain drugs such as atropine and nicotine.