Maxillary Central Incisor

Front 1

1. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “These two teeth are adjacent to the midline in the maxillary(MAX)
arch, and share a mesial and distal contact point with each other.”
__________________________?

Back 1

“What are the maxillary central incisors.”

Front 2

2. T or F: _____ The MAX central incisors have a distal contact with their lateral incisors

Back 2

True

Front 3

3. In the universal tooth numbering system, “#8” and “#9” are the _______ and___________, respectively.

Back 3

MAX right central incisor; MAX Left central incisor.

Front 4

4. The Palmer Notation for the MAX right and left central incisors are:

Back 4

a. MAX right central Palmer =
b. MAX right central FDI =
c. MAX left central Palmer =
d. MAX left central FDI =
ANSWER = (a = it looks sortof like this: 1__| );
(b = 11);
(c = |__1 ); (d = 21).

Front 5

5. T or F _____MAX central incisors have the widest mesiodistal measurements of any anterior
teeth.

Back 5

True

Front 6

6. Viewed Labially and lingually, the crowns of MAX Central Incisors are _________ in shape.

Back 6

trapezoidal

Front 7

7. Viewed from the proximal aspects, the crowns of MAX Central Incisors are ___ in
shape.

Back 7

triangular

Front 8

8. T or F:_______ The general crown size of tooth #’s 8 and 9 exceeds that of any other incisor in
either arch

Back 8

true

Front 9

9. The primary function of a MAX central incisors is to ____________ food.

Back 9

bite and cut

Front 10

10. T or F: ______ MAX central incisors play an important role in esthetics functions of human
teeth, but have no impact on pheonetics.

Back 10

False (they do play an important role when it comes to phoenetics)

Front 11

11. T or F:
_____Teeth #’s 11 and 21 (FDI) show evidence of calcification at 3 to 4 months of age.

Back 11

true

Front 12

12. T or F:
_____ Enamel completion for MAX central incisors happens at 7 to 8 years of age.

Back 12

FALSE (This occurs at 4 to 5 years of age)

Front 13

13. MAX Central incisors erupt at ______ years of age.

Back 13

7 to 8 years.
2nd or 3rd grade

Front 14

14. MAX Centrals are:

Back 14

a. the most striking component of human dentition
b. most prominent teeth in the dental arch
c. are most representative of the “mold design” of the teeth belonging to the individual”.

Front 15

15. The labial aspect geometric shape of a MAX central tooth is trapezoidal, with the longer
parallel side at the ____, and the shorter side at the _______.

Back 15

incisal ; cervical

Front 16

16. T or F:
_____ MAX central incisors are longer mesiodistally than they are incisocervically.

Back 16

FALSE (They are longer incisocervically).

Front 17

17. T or F:
_____ MAX central incisors aside, the other incisors in the mouth are much longer
than they are wide.

Back 17

True

Front 18

18. Viewed labially, a MAX central incisor is generally convex, with the greatest convexity in
the _________ third of the tooth.

Back 18

cervical

Front 19

19. Match the characteristics below with the appropriate mesial or distal outlines of a
maxillary central incisor viewed from a labial aspect.

a. Mesial outline
b. Distal outline

Back 19

i. M ‐ slightly convex, sometimes nearly straight
ii. M ‐ a crest of curvature in the near the contact area in the incisal
third.
iii. D – crest of curvature associated with the contact area, in the
incisal third
iv. D – has a more “rounded “ proximal incisal angle
v. M ‐ has a near 90 degree angle at the proximal incisal edge.
vi. D – convex outline, but more rounded than the other side of the
tooth

(a = i, ii, v); (b = iii, iv, vi)

Front 20

20. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “Characterized by three scalloped shapes at the incisal edge
marking incisal terminations of the facial lobes, these are usually seen on newly erupted
incisors..”_______?

Back 20

What are mamelons?”

Front 21

21. T or F:______When the teeth come into functional occlusion, mamelons are usually worn
away.

Back 21

true

Front 22

22. T or F
When mamelons remain on an adult it is because the enamel of the teeth is much more calcified, making the them resistant to wear over time.

Back 22

FALSE (If mamelons don’t wear away, it’s because the teeth aren’t
making contact with opposing teeth in functional occlusion)

Front 23

23. T or F:
__Without mamelons, the incisal edge of a MAX central incisor is nearly straight,
and nearly parallel to the long axis of the tooth

Back 23

FALSE (it is nearly perpendicular to the long axis, not parallel)

Front 24

24. T or F:
The distal end of the incisal border tends to be closer to the cervical margin. This helps differentiate the right and left MAX central incisors.

Back 24

TRUE

Front 25

25. T or F:
The CEJ of a MAX central incisor curves evenly toward the root

Back 25

true

Front 26

26. T or F:
The crown of a MAX central incisor is narrower mesiodistally at the cervical margin than it is at the incisal third.

Back 26

True

Front 27

27. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “On the facial side of the tooth, these straight, shallow depressions extend from the incisal edge and travel toward the gingival, fading out in the middle third of a MAX central incisor.”_____?

Back 27

“What are developmental depressions” (or “what are developmental grooves)

Front 28

28. Circle all that apply:
The terms for the specific developmental grooves on a MAX central incisor are ____ developmental groove(s)

Back 28

mesiolabial
distolabial

Front 29

29. T or F:
Labial developmental grooves on incisors represent the divisions of the four labial
lobes which form the tooth.

Back 29

FALSE (they separate the three labial lobes)

Front 30

30. T or F:
The three labial lobes of a maxillary central incisor are the mesial, middle,and distal lobes.

Back 30

TRUE

Front 31

31. T or F:
Developmental grooves are so named because they are the result of the union of the three lobes during development.

Back 31

True

Front 32

32. The fourth lobe of a MAX central incisor becomes the ____________ of the tooth.

Back 32

cingulum

Front 33

33. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “Usually less than six or eight in number, these shallow rounded linear depressions transverse the height of contour in the gingival half of the facial surface of a MAX central incisor.”___?

Back 33

“What are Imbrication lines?”

Front 34

34. T or F:_____Imbrication lines take on a roughly parallel curvature to the CEJ.

Back 34

True

Front 35

35. T or F:_____ Perikymata are fine, wavy ridges that are parallel to eachother, running
transversely in a mesial – distal direction across the facial surface of the tooth.

Back 35

True

Front 36

36. Perikymata are the result of:

Back 36

d. incremental deposition of enamel in the area

Front 37

37. Circle the words which make the following statement correct.
“Perikymata lines are ( closer together / further apart) in the cervical part of the crown;
the tend to be (closer together / further apart) toward the incisal part of the corwn.”

Back 37

closer together; further apart

Front 38

38. T or F: ______ Perikymata are only found on the enamel of newly erupted MAX and MAND
central incisors.

Back 38

FALSE (Perikymata are found on all newly erupted teeth)

Front 39

39. Characteristics of Perikymata include: (circle all that apply)
a. more easily seen on labial
surfaces of anterior teeth
b. more prominent on the teeth of young people
c. can only be seen in extracted and dried teeth
d. become lost due to abrasion from eating and tooth brushing
e. have no specific bearing on general tooth form
f. are essential to the function of the tooth because they provide surface tension for cutting.
g. are significant in creating the appearance of a textured surface.

Back 39

(a, b, d, e, g)

Front 40

40. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “Located between perikymata, these grooves become
enlarged in the cervical third of a tooth, where they are known as Imbrication lines.”
_?

Back 40

“What are incremental lines? Or “What are lines of Retzuis”

Front 41

42. T or F:_____Incremental lines are also called “Lines of Retzuis”.

Back 41

True

Front 42

43. T or F:_____The height of contour on the facial surface of a MAX central incisor is located in
the incisal third of the tooth.

Back 42

FALSE (It is located in the cervical third)

Front 43

44. The lingual surface of a MAX Central incisor is roughly ______________ in shape:

Back 43

trapezoidal

Front 44

45. T or F: _______The lingual surface of a MAX Central is slightly narrower mesiodistally than it is on the labial.

Back 44

True

Front 45

46. T or F:_____One feature that is true about only the MAX Centrals is that both mesial and distal surfaces converge slightly towards the lingual, a feature that is not shared by any of the other anterior teeth.

Back 45

FALSE ( all anterior teeth share this characteristic)

Front 46

47. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “This is the large, usually shallow concavity covering the incisal half to two thirds of the lingual surface of a MAX central.”_____?

Back 46

What is the lingual fossa?

Front 47

48. The large convex structure in the cervical portion of the lingual area of a MAX central is
known as:

Back 47

cingulum

Front 48

49. The cingulum and lingual fossa give the lingual surface of a MAX central its characteristic
__________ shape.

Back 48

shovel

Front 49

50. T or F:
______The vertical linear ridges at the mesial and distal borders of a MAX central are also triangular ridges.

Back 49

FALSE (they are also marginal ridges)

Front 50

51. T or F:
_____ The cervical region of a MAX central tapers more strongly lingually than it does labially.

Back 50

True

Front 51

52. The lingual surface of some teeth are also called the ____________ surface(s)(Circle all that
apply):a. Palatal b. Palatine c. Palatinal d. Praline

Back 51

A and C (C is more common in Europe)

Front 52

53. T or F:
__From a lingual aspect of a MAX central, the mesial and distal outlines are similar to their labial counterparts , except they converge slightly more toward the gingival.

Back 52

True

Front 53

54. The cervical line of a MAX central (circle all that apply):
a. has a slightly greater depth of curvature apically than on the labial surface
b. is assymetrical
c. has the maximum curvature offset to the mesial
d. is symmetrical
e. has a less height of contour apically than on the labial surface
f. has the maximum curvature offset to the distal.

Back 53

(a, b, f)

Front 54

55. The lingual fossa of a MAX central is (circle all that apply):
a. found in the incisal half to two thirds of the crown
b. is bounded by three convexities
c. is most often smooth, but sometimes have poorly defined ridges that extend into the
cervical portion of the lingual fossa from the cingulum
d. is bounded by four convexities
e. all of the above

Back 54

a, c, d

Front 55

56. When present, lingual ridges of a MAX central may form a _____ shaped pattern with its root
pointing toward the floor.

Back 55

W

Front 56

57. The bulky convexity located in the cervical portion of the lingual surface of a MAX central
is called the:

Back 56

cingulum

Front 57

58. List the four convexities which border the lingual fossa of a MAX central.

Back 57

(mesial marginal ridge; distal marginal ridge; incisal edge; cingulum)

Front 58

59. The cingulum of a MAX central:
a. is generally smooth
b. is generally rough
c. sometimes has a groove called the linguogingival groove
d. sometimes has a groove called the lingocingulum groove
e. may have a pit between the cingulum and the fossa
f. may have a pit at the CEJ and cingulum

Back 58

a, c, e,

Front 59

60 T or F:
_____The lingogingival groove and lingual pit are not usually found on any permanent
teeth, but when they are, they are more likely to be found on MAX centrals than MAX laterals.

Back 59

FALSE (these features, while not common, are more likely to be found on MAX centrals)

Front 60

61 From a mesial view or a MAX central:
a. the marginal ridges mark the mesial and distal borders of the lingual fossa
b. the marginal ridges mark the mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface
c. the marginal ridges extend from the incisal angles to the cingulum
d. the marginal ridges extend from the incisal edges to the CEJ

Back 60

a and c

Front 61

62. T or F:
_____The mesial marginal ridge is longer than the distal because of the somewhat
distal position of the cingulum.

Back 61

True

Front 62

63. T or F:
_____On a MAX central, the crest of curvature is located in the cervical third, at the
greatest convexity of the cingulum

Back 62

True

Front 63

64. On a MAX central incisor, there are several anatomical variations and anomalies that may occur naturally on the lingual surface. From the list below, choose the characteristics which would be considered “variations”.
a. a deep, but smooth lingual fossa, with no lingual ridges at all
b. A lingual pit being present at the upper border of the cingulum where the marginal ridges converge
c. lingual ridges in the lingual fossa
d. small lingual ridges extending vertically from the cingulum toward the center of
the fossa

Back 63

a, b, c, d,

Front 64

65. The lingual ridges which may appear on a MAX central extending from the cingulum are called (circle all that apply):
a. mesial lingual ridge
b. mesial marginal ridge
c. distal lingual ridge
d. distal marginal ridge
e. lingolobal ridges

Back 64

a and c

Front 65

66.From a mesial aspect, a MAX central will appear ____ in shape.

Back 65

triangular

Front 66

67. T or F
:_____ The mesial surface of a MAX Central is convex both incisocervically and
labiolingually

Back 66

True

Front 67

68. T or F
:_____From the mesial aspect, a MAX central can be said to resemble a “chisel”.

Back 67

True

Front 68

69. T or F
:_____ The labioincisal line angle is usually located lingual to the root axis line.

Back 68

FALSE: (It is located labial to the root axis)

Front 69

70. T or F:
_____ From a mesial aspect, the incisal edge of a MAX central slopes lingually from its
longest and most labial part.

Back 69

True

Front 70

71. From a mesial aspect, the greatest circumference of a MAX central is located in __third of the crown.

Back 70

cervical

Front 71

72. T or F:
_____ The greatest bulge on the lingual surface of a MAX central is located on the
mesial and distal marginal ridges.

Back 71

FALSE (it is on the cingulum)

Front 72

73. Circle the correct words to make the following statement correct:
“From a mesial ascpect, the lingual margin of a MAX central is somewhat (concave / convex) in the incisal portion, and (concave / convex) in the gingival portion, due to the respective contours of the lingual fossa and cingulum.”

Back 72

concave ; convex

Front 73

74. T or F:
_____ From a mesial aspet, the lingual outline of a MAX central can said to appear like
a shallow “s”.

Back 73

True

Front 74

75. THE CEJ of a MAX central curves evenly toward the incisal, about ________ the way up.

Back 74

1/3

Front 75

76. T or F:_____ The CEJ of a MAX central exhibits the greatest depth of curvature of any tooth
surface in the mouth.

Back 75

True

Front 76

77. The curvature of the CEJ on a MAX central is greater on the mesial than the distal surface
by approximately:

Back 76

0.5mm

Front 77

78. T or F
:_____From a mesial aspect, the incisal outline is usually pointed, or slightly rounded,
in newly erupted incisors due to the convergence of the labial and lingual surfaces. In teeth
with incisal wear, the outline is straight, but slopes from labial to lingual at about a 45° angle.

Back 77

True

Front 78

79. Circle the correct words for make the following statement correct:
The height of contour of a MAX central is located in the (cervical / middle / incisal) third of the tooth, and is situated (lingually / centrally / labially) in the labiolingual dimension

Back 78

incisal; centrally

Front 79

80. Circle all that apply. The mesial contact area of a MAX central is:
a. roughly ovoid
b. long labiolingually
c. long incisogingivally
d. narrow labiolingually
e. narrow incisogingivally
f. roughly triangular

Back 79

a, c, d,

Front 80

81. T or F:
_____ The mesial contact area of a MAX central is the only proximal surface in either arch where a mesial surface contacts another mesial surface.

Back 80

FALSE (The MAND incisors also touch mesial to mesial).

Front 81

82. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “ Normally appearing pointed or slightly rounded from a proximal view, this is the projection of enamel on newly erupted teeth, and represents the incisal termination of the tooth.”_________?

Back 81

What is the Incisal Ridge?

Front 82

83. After a tooth enters into occlusion, the incisal ridge is blunted and flattened, resulting in a sloping straight outline from the proximal aspect. This flattened area is termed:

Back 82

Incisal edge

Front 83

84. T or F:
_____ The distal surface of a MAX central closely resembles the mesial surface, with a
few exceptions.

Back 83

True

Front 84

85. The distal surface is generally smaller than the mesial surface because the incisocervical
dimension is shorter.

Back 84

True

Front 85

86. The distal surface is more concave incisogingivally

Back 85

FALSE ( it is more convex)

Front 86

87. The cervical margin on the distal does not curve as far incisally, but usually curves
approximately ______mm

Back 86

2

Front 87

88. The contact area on the distal side of a MAX central is:
a. smaller than the mesial
b. more gingival than the mesial
c. in the middle third of the tooth.
d. in the incisal third
e. larger than on the mesial side.

Back 87

a, b, d

Front 88

89. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “Because of a very slight distolingual twist of the incisal edge, this may be located on or just lingual to the axis line of a MAX central.”_________?

Back 88

“What is the distoincisal edge?”

Front 89

90. From the list below; Choose the characteristics you could expect to see on a MAX Central From the incisal aspect,
a. has a circular outline
b. has triangular outline
c. has a relatively straight incisal edge mesiodistally
d. is roughly centered over the root
e. a lingual surface narrower mesiodistally than the labial surface.
f. a lingual surface wider mesiodistally than the labial surface
g. is the widest tooth mesiodistally of any of the permanent teeth.
h. has a labioincisal line angle somewhat labial to the root axis line

Back 89

b, c, d, e, g, h

Front 90

91. MAX centrals are wider mesiodistally than labiolingually about _____ (on average):

Back 90

1.5

Front 91

92. T or F:
_____ From an incisal view of a MAX central the labial outline is slightly convex, while the lingual outline is quite convex, due to the prominence of the cingulum.

Back 91

True

Front 92

93. Circle the correct word to make the following statement correct.:
”From an incisal aspect, the lingual line angles are (more / less) distinct than the labial line angles.”

Back 92

More

Front 93

94. T or F:_____ From an incisal aspect of a MAX central, the greatest contour of the cingulum is
offset to the mesial.

Back 93

FALSE (it is offset to the distal)

Front 94

95. The root of a MAX central is:
a. single
b. conical
c. relatively straight
d. tapers to a rounded apex
e. thick in the cervical third and narrows to a blunt apex.

Back 94

A, B, C, D, E

Front 95

96. The root length of a MAX central is _______ times the crown length.

Back 95

1.5

Front 96

97. T or F:_____ The root of a MAX central is shaped much like an icecream
cone, slightly
convex on the distal surface, and somewhat flattened on the mesial.

Back 96

True

Front 97

98. T or F:_____ When viewed from the lingual surface, the root appears wider than the labial.

Back 97

False

Front 98

99. T or :_____ Of all the surfaces of a MAX central, the lingual exhibits the greatest variation.

Back 98

True

Front 99

100. When viewed from the labial or lingual aspects, a wide variation occurs in the amount of convergence of the mesial and distal surfaces toward the cervical. This being the case, when there is little convergence, the outline of the surface resembles a ____, but when great convergence is present, it is more nearly ___.
a. rectangle ; conical
b. square ; trapezoidal
c. rhomboid; heart‐shaped
d. rectangle ; triangular

Back 99

D

Front 100

101. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “This condition exists when a tooth has a root that is exceptionally “short”, and has an abnormal crown contour, and can result in tooth loss because of lack of
root support.”____?

Back 100

What is a “dwarfed root”?

Front 101

102. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “Characterized by pegged, lateral incisors and notched central incisors along the cutting edge, this tooth abnormality gives the permanent incisors a
screwdriver likeshape.”_____?

Back 101

What are Hutchinson’s Incosors?”

Front 102

103. DAILY DOUBLE: “Hutchinson’s Incisors are an abnormality caused by this congenital condition."_______?

Back 102

“What is congenital syphilis?” (also ok is “What is infantile syphilis?)

Front 103

104. Hutchinson’s Incisors is named for (or by):
a. it’s discoverer, Sir Johnathan Hutchinson, an English surgeon and pathologist
b. it’s first recorded victim, Mable Hutchinson, a grand daughter of Henry VIII.
c. Pathologist and Chemist Louis Pasteur, who named them for his wife’s birthplace,
in Hutchinson, England
d. John‐Jacob‐Jingle‐Heimer‐Hutchinson.

Back 103

A

Front 104

105. JEOPARDY QUESTION: “ A large accessory cusp on the lingual surface of MAX incisors characterizes this anomaly, which causes affected teeth to often resemble a Phillipshead
Screwdriver.”_______?

Back 104

”What are Talon Cusps?”

Front 105

106. The alveolar bone between the roots of central incisors is occasionally the site of____ and possibly cysts.

Back 105

Supernumerary teeth (or extra teeth).

Front 106

107. In your own words, list at least two ways to determine right from left central incisors:

Back 106

Analyze the shape of the incisal angles at the mesial and distal corners. The mesial
should appear to have a sharper corner;

Determine the amount of curvature at the cervical line. The mesial should be more
curved.

Observe the distolingual twist of the incisal edge and the more distal location of the
cingulum.