Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Evolution states that life on Earth began how long ago?
|
3 billion years
|
|
|
What is a fossil?
|
A fossil is any trace of an animal or plant that lived a long time ago.
|
|
|
Name 3 ways that fossils can be formed.
|
1) Gradual replacement by minerals.
2) From casts and impressions. 3) From preservation without decay. - understand each process. Page 31. |
|
|
Fossils found in rock layers tell us 3 things, what are they?
|
1) What they looked like.
2) How long ago they existed. 3) How they evolved |
|
|
Why are fossils of a pentadactyl limb so useful?
|
When we see a similar bone structure in 2 different species, we can accept they came from a common ancestor. This is evolution.
|
|
|
Blood contains 4 important things, what are they?
|
1) Red blood cells
2) White blood cells 3) Platelets 4) Plasma |
|
|
What is the job of red blood cells?
|
To carry oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body.
|
|
|
What shape are red blood cells?
|
Biconcave disk (doughnut).
|
|
|
What important substance is in red blood cells, and what is its job?
|
Haemaglobin (happygoblin).
Its job is to bind to oxygen in the lungs. |
|
|
Haemaglobin + oxygen = _______.
|
Oxyhaemaglobin
|
|
|
Do red blood cells have a nucleus?
|
No, this allows more space for haemoglobin
|
|
|
What are the consequences of anaemia?
|
Blood will not carry enough oxygen around the body.
|
|
|
_____ ______ ____ defend against disease.
|
White blood cells
|
|
|
What type of blood cell can 'gobble up' microorganisms?
|
White blood cells.
- To really impress, these types of white blood cell are called PHAGOCYTES (fag-o-sites). This means 'big eater' and describes what they do to microorganisms. |
|
|
What are the risks of having a low white blood cell count?
|
Greater risk of getting an infection.
|
|
|
What is the job of platelets in blood?
|
To help blood clot (they help make a scab).
|
|
|
Lack of platelets may cause excessive ______.
|
Bleeding
|
|
|
What is blood plasma?
|
It is the liquid that carries all other parts of blood.
|
|
|
Name 6 things that are carried by blood plasma
|
1) Blood cells
2) Nutrients 3) Carbon dioxide 4) Urea 5) Hormones 6) Antibodies - Understand what each of these are. |
|
|
What are the 3 different types of blood vessel?
|
1) Artery
2) Capillary 3) Vein |
|
|
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
|
Arteries
|
|
|
Which type of blood vessel carries blood to the heart?
|
Veins
|
|
|
Which type of vessel has thick vessel walls? Why?
|
Arteries, because blood is pumped away from the heart at high pressure, so they have to be strong.
|
|
|
Which type of blood vessel has a very thin wall? Why?
|
Capillaries, because they need to be able to transport substances like oxygen across the wall.
|
|
|
Path of blood flow after leaving the heart.
|
Artery > Capillary > Vein
|
|
|
Briefly describe probiotics.
|
They are live bacteria that are found naturally in your gut.
|
|
|
Briefly describe prebiotics
|
They promote the growth of good bacteria. They are carbohydrates that we can't digest.
|
|
|
Briefly describe plant stanol esters.
|
They help to lower blood cholesterol.
|
|
|
What is peristalsis?
|
The contraction of longitudinal and circular muscles that pushes food through the digestive system.
|
|
|
What does bile do?
|
It neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats.
|
|
|
Where is bile produced? Where is it stored?
|
It is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
|
|
|
What is the benefit of all the small projections in the intestines?
|
They increase the total surface area.
- Understand what this is and why it is useful. |
|
|
The breakdown of food is ______ by _______.
|
The breakdown of food is catalysed by enzymes.
|
|
|
Name 3 molecules that are too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system.
|
1) Starch
2) Proteins 3) Fats |
|
|
Name 4 types of molecule that are small enough to pass through the walls of the digestive system.
|
1) Sugars
2) Amino acids 3) Glycerol 4) Fatty acids |
|
|
Name 3 types of digestive enzyme.
|
1) Carbohydrase
2) Protease 3) Lipase - Notice they all end in -ase. When something ends in -ase it is ALWAYS an enzyme. |
|
|
Name the parts of the body that are involved in digestion (in rough order).
|
Mouth
Oesophagus Stomach Liver Pancreas Gall bladder Small intestine Large intestine - Know what occurs in each section. |
|
|
Cells make up _____, _____ and ______.
|
Tissues, organs and systems.
|
|
|
Name the 4 chambers of the heart (know locations).
|
Right atrium.
Left atrium. Right ventricle. Left ventricle. - When remembering locations, atrium is like 'attic', its upstairs. |
|
|
Follow the path of blood from, and back to the left atrium.
|
Left atrium >
Left ventricle > Aorta > Vena cava > Right atrium > Right ventricle > Pulmonary artery > Lungs > Left atrium. - Draw this if it helps |
|
|
Define dry mass.
|
It is the mass of an organism with no water in its body.
|
|
|
What 3 cell processes are involved in growth?
|
1) Differentiation
2) Division 3) Elongation - Understand each process |
