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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the difference between exothermic and endothermic reactions?
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Exothermic reactions tend to feel hot whereas endothermic reactions tend to feel cool.
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Name the following properties of Covalent Compounds
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- They exist as gases, liquids or solids with low melting points because the forces of
attraction between the molecules are weak - They generally do not conduct electricity - They are generally insoluble in water. |
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What is the Law Conservation of Mass?
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The Law Conservation of Mass is when matter cannot be created or destroyed during chemical reactions.
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What is a 'Cat-ion'?
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A cat with 3 or less valence electrons, lose electrons, forming a positively charged ion
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What is a synthesis reaction?
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A synthesis or combination reaction occurs when two substances are joined to form one new product.
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What is a decomposition reaction?
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A decomposition reaction is where a single substance breaks down into two or more simpler compounds or elements. Decomposition reactions are the opposite of synthesis reactions.
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What is a single replacement reaction?
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A single replacement reaction is where one element or group of elements replaces another element or group of elements in a compound. A useful analogy is imagine a boy and girl are dancing, another boy decides he would like to dance with the girl and "cuts in‟, replacing the other boy.
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What is precipitation?
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Precipitation is when two liquids form a solid.
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What are Double Replacement Reactions?
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They are two compounds that react to form another two new compounds. Another analogy would be to imagine 2 couples are dancing, each couple swaps partners with the other.
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What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
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A physical change is a change that usually involves only a change of state, not a change of the substance itself whereas a chemical change occurs when something, in particular, a substance cannot be easily reversed and new substances have been formed.
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What is an 'Anion'?
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An anion are atoms with 5 or more valence electrons, gain electrons, forming a negatively charged ion.
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What is a calorimeter?
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A calorimeter is the measure of heats of a reaction.
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What is a covalent bond?
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A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons.
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What is an ionic compound?
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An ionic compound is a bond between the anion and cation.
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What is a catalyst and list one of its factors:
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A catalyst is a substance that helps speed up the reaction, but does not become a part of the reaction.
A factor is that it reduces in energy consumption which enables manufacturers to save. |
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What is a reaction rate and what are its factors?
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A reaction rate is the speed at which a reaction occurs.
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What does Enthalpy mean?
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Heat of a reaction.
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How does the surface area get the reaction going?
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It depends on how big the reactant pieces are. If the reactants are divided finely, it keeps the reaction going. E.g. To get a fire started, we use small chips of wood because they burn faster than large logs. When large pieces are broken down into smaller pieces, they have a larger surface area. This means more particles are accessible for reaction, as reactions occur on surfaces.
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How does the temperature keep the reaction going and what happens if the temperature increases the reaction rate?
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The temperature plays a major part in the role as chemical reactions that are performed at high temperatures produce the products faster. Certain reactions in the chemical industry will also produce a larger amount of product if the reaction proceeds at a lower rate, such as putting something in the fridge and making it last longer as it decomposes.
Increasing the temperature allows more particles to have more energy and to collide |
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How does the concentration speed up the reaction?
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The concentration of a substance is the measure of how much there is of a substance in a certain amount of solution. If the concentration is higher, there are more particles that can undergo the reaction; therefore, the reaction rate increases.
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Define a Polar Bond:
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A polar bond is a covalent bond between two atoms where the electrons forming the bond are unequally distributed.
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What is Conduction?
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Conduction are usually solids. They are particles that vibrate and pass on energy.
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What is Convection?
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Convection are Liquids and Gases, i.e. hot rises these states and cold ones fall.
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What is Radiation?
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Radiation are usually in an empty space and usually have electromagnetic waves.
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What does the suffix "-ate" meea
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The suffix "-ate" are when there are two or more elements (Oxygen is one of them).
E.g. Hydrogen + Nitrogen + Oxygen = Hydrogen Nitrate |
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What is a Valence Electron?
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The valence electrons determines the properties of an element.
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What are the properties of an Ionic Compound?
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- Made up of positive and negative ions
- When a metal and a non-metal combine - Usually solids at room temperature - Normally have very high melting points because of the electrostatic force of attraction between ions being very strong - Usually dissolve in water to form ‘aqueous’ solutions and their aqueous solutions usually conduct electricity. |
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What are reactants?
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Reactants are the starting material.
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What are products?
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Products are the ending material.
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What properties do Covalent Compounds have?
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Covalent compounds have the following properties:
- Exist as gases, liquids or solids with low melting points - Forces of attraction between molecules are weak - Generally do not conduct electricity - Generally insoluble in water |
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What is a Simple Ion?
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Simple Ions have one element and its charge.
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What is Combustion?
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Combustion burns something with oxygen to make carbon dioxide.
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