Matter

Front 1

refers to anything that takes up space and has mass

Back 1

matter

Front 2

a substance that cannot be broken down into another substance

Back 2

element

Front 3

who created the periodic table of elements

Back 3

Dmitry Mendeleev

Front 4

most common elements in living organisms

Back 4

oxygen,hydrogen,carbon,and nitrogen

Front 5

smallest particles that retain properties of an element

Back 5

atoms

Front 6

made up of subatomic particles

Back 6

protons,electrons,and neutrons

Front 7

number of protons in nucleus

Back 7

atomic number

Front 8

atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

Back 8

isotopes

Front 9

have an unstable nucleus that emits energy and particles

Back 9

radioisotopes

Front 10

radioactive decay transforms radioisotope into a different element called

Back 10

transmutation

Front 11

what determines whether atoms will interact

Back 11

the number and arrangement of their electrons

Front 12

carries a negative charge,repel one another,are attracted to protons in the nucleus,move in orbitals

Back 12

electrons

Front 13

orbitals can hold up to two electrons

Back 13

electron orbitals

Front 14

lowest enregy,holds 1 orbital with up to 2 electrons

Back 14

first shell

Front 15

4 orbitals hold up to 8 electrons

Back 15

second shell

Front 16

important bonds in biological molecules

Back 16

ionic bonds,covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Front 17

atom loses electron becomes ________ charged ion-cation

Back 17

positively

Front 18

atom gains electron becomes _________ charged ion-anion

Back 18

negatively

Front 19

one atome loses electron,becomes positively charged ion, another atom gains these electrons, becomes negatively charged on

Back 19

ionic bonding

Front 20

atoms share a pair or pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell

Back 20

covalent bonding

Front 21

atoms share electron equally, nuclei of atoms have same number of protons

Back 21

nonpolar covalent bonds

Front 22

number or protons in nuclei of pariticpating atoms is not equal

Back 22

polar covalent bonds

Front 23

molecule held together by polar covalent bonds has no net charge,however atoms of the molecule carry different charges

Back 23

hydrogen bonding

Front 24

properties of water

Back 24

polarity, temperature-stabilizing, solvent, cohesive

Front 25

water molecules can make up to 4 hydrogen bonds, orders molecules into a higher level of structural organization

Back 25

liquid water

Front 26

polar, hydrogen bond with water, example: sugar

Back 26

hydrophilic substances

Front 27

non polar, repelleby by water, example: oil

Back 27

hydrophobic substances

Front 28

Liquid water can obsorb much heat before its temperature rises

Back 28

Temperature-Stabilizing effects

Front 29

large energy input can cause individual molecules of water to break free into air

Back 29

evaporation water

Front 30

why ice floats

Back 30

ice is less dense than water