Math For Meds

Front 1

1 oz=

Back 1

30 ml

Front 2

1/2 oz=

Back 2

15 ml

Front 3

1drop=

Back 3

4 ml

Front 4

1 1/4 drop=

Back 4

5 ml

Front 5

2 drop=

Back 5

8ml

Front 6

2 1/2 drops=

Back 6

10 ml

Front 7

1Tbsp=

Back 7

15ml

Front 8

1 tsp=

Back 8

5ml

Front 9

gr 15=

Back 9

1000mg

Front 10

gr10=

Back 10

600mg

Front 11

gr7 1/2=

Back 11

500mg

Front 12

gr 5=

Back 12

300mg

Front 13

gr 4=

Back 13

250mg

Front 14

gr3=

Back 14

200

Front 15

gr 2 1/2= 150mg

Back 15

150mg

Front 16

gr 2=

Back 16

120mg

Front 17

gr 1 1/2=

Back 17

100mg

Front 18

gr 1=

Back 18

60mg

Front 19

gr 3/4=

Back 19

45mg

Front 20

gr 1/2=

Back 20

30mg

Front 21

gr 1/3=

Back 21

20mg

Front 22

gr 1/4=

Back 22

15mg

Front 23

gr 1/6=

Back 23

10mg

Front 24

gr 1/8=

Back 24

7.5mg

Front 25

gr 1/10=

Back 25

6mg

Front 26

gr 1/15=

Back 26

4mg

Front 27

gr 1/20=

Back 27

3mg

Front 28

gr 1/30

Back 28

2mg

Front 29

gr 1/40

Back 29

1.5mg

Front 30

gr 1/60

Back 30

1mg

Front 31

gr 1/60

Back 31

1mg

Front 32

gr 1/100

Back 32

0.6mg

Front 33

gr 1/120

Back 33

0.5mg

Front 34

gr 1/150

Back 34

0.4mg

Front 35

gr 1/200

Back 35

0.3mg

Front 36

gr 1/250

Back 36

0.25mg

Front 37

gr 1/6

Back 37

10 mg

Front 38

1000mg

Back 38

15 gr

Front 39

generic name

Back 39

given before a drug becomes official.

Front 40

official name

Back 40

the name under which is listed in one of the official publications.

Front 41

chemical name

Back 41

name by which a chemist knows it; the name describes the constituentsof the drug precisely.

Front 42

trademark or brand name

Back 42

name given by the drug manufacturer.because one drug may be manufactured by several companies, it can have several trade names.

Front 43

pharmacology

Back 43

study of the effect of drugs on living organisms.

Front 44

pharmacy

Back 44

is the art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing drugs. The word also refers to the place where drugs are prepared and dispensed.

Front 45

pharmacist

Back 45

person licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and to make up prescriptions.

Front 46

pharmacopoeia

Back 46

a book containing a list of products used in medicine, with descriptions of the product, chemical tests for determining identity and purity, and formulas and prescriptions.

Front 47

legal aspects of drug administration

Back 47

under the law, nurses are responsible for their own actions regardless of whether there is a written order. If a physician writes an incorrect order, a nurse who administers the written incorrect dosage is responsible for the error as well as the physician. Therefore nurses should question any order that appears unreasonable and refuse to give the medication until the order is clarified.

Front 48

caplet

Back 48

a solid form, shaped like a capsule, coated and easily swallowed.

Front 49

capsule

Back 49

a gelatinous container to hold a drug in powder, liquid, or oil form.

Front 50

lozenge (troche)

Back 50

a flat, round, or oval preparation that dissolves and releases a drug when held in the mouth.

Front 51

suppository

Back 51

one or several drugs mixed with a firm base such as gelatin and shaped for insertion into the body, the base dissolves gradually at body temp, releasing the drug.

Front 52

tablet

Back 52

a powdered drug compressed into a hard small disc; some are readily broken along a scored line; others are enteric coated to prevent them from dissolving in the stomach.

Front 53

transdermal patch

Back 53

a semipermeable membrane shaped in the form of a disc or patch that contains a drug to be absorbed through the skin over a long pd of time.

Front 54

Food, Drug, and cosmetic act 1938

Back 54

implemented by food and drug administration (FDA) requires that labels be accurate and that all drugs be tested for harmful effects.

Front 55

Durkham-Humphrey Amendment 1952

Back 55

clearly differentiates drugs that can be sold only with a prescription, those that can be sold without a prescription, and those that should not be refilled w/o a new prescription.

Front 56

Comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act 1970 controlled substance act

Back 56

categorizes controlled substances and limits how often a prescription can be filled; established government funded programs to prevent and treat drug dependence. Register drugs.

Front 57

In hospitals, controlled substances are kept where?

Back 57

in a locked drawer, cupboard, medication cart, or computer-controlled dispensing system.

Front 58

information required for recording the use of controlled substances

Back 58

the info required usually includes the name of the client the date and time of administration, the name of the drug, the dosage, and the signature of the person who prepared and gave the drug.

Front 59

What is done when some medication must be discarded?

Back 59

When a portion or all of the controlled substance needs to be discarded, the nurse must ask a second nurse to witness the discarding. Both nurses must sign the control inventory form.

Front 60

How do u tally the number of doses used at the end of each shift?

Back 60

The count total should tally w/ the total at the end of the last shift minus the number used. In facilities that use a computerized dispensing system, manual counts are not required; however, discepancies must be accounted for.

Front 61

palliative

Back 61

relieves the symptoms of a disease but does not affect the disease itself.

Front 62

curative

Back 62

cures a disease or condition

Front 63

supportive

Back 63

supports body functionuntil other treatments or the bodys response can take over.

Front 64

substituitive

Back 64

replaces body fluids or substances

Front 65

chemotherapeutic

Back 65

destroys malignant cells

Front 66

restorative

Back 66

returns the body to health.

Front 67

therapeutic effect of a drug

Back 67

also referred to as the desired effect, is the primary effect intended, that is, the reason the drug is prescribed.

Front 68

side effect

Back 68

or secondary effect, of a drug, is one that is uintended. usually predictable, may be harmless or harmful

Front 69

adverse effects

Back 69

more severe side effects

Front 70

drug toxicity

Back 70

deleterious effects of a drug on an organism or tissue; results from overdosage, ingestion of a drug intended for external use, and build up of the drug in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion.

Front 71

drug allergy

Back 71

is an immunologic reaction to a drug. when a client is first exposed to a foreign substance (antigen) the body may react by producing antibodies. A client can react to a drug as to an antigen and thus develop symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Front 72

idiosyncratic effect

Back 72

unexpected and individual.Underresponsive and overresponse to a drug may be idiosyncratic.The drug may have a completely different effect from the normal one or cause unpredictable and unexplainable symptoms in a particular client.

Front 73

synergistic effect

Back 73

increased

Front 74

inhibiting effect

Back 74

decreased

Front 75

iatrogenic disease

Back 75

(disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy) can be due to drug therapy.

Front 76

physiologic dependence

Back 76

biochemical changes in the body tissues, especially the nervous system.These tissues come to require the substance for normal functioning.

Front 77

psychologic dependence

Back 77

emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well being, accompanied by feelings of need or cravings for that drug.

Front 78

actions of drugs on the body-half life

Back 78

initially: 100%
after 8 hrs: 50%
after 16: 25%
After 24: 12.5%
after 32: 6.25%

Front 79

onset of action

Back 79

the time after administration when the body initially responds to the drug.

Front 80

peak plasma level

Back 80

the highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate.

Front 81

drug half life (elimination half life)

Back 81

the time required for the elimination process to reduce the concentration of the drug to one half what it was at initial

Front 82

plateau

Back 82

a maintained concentration of a drug in the plasma during a series of scheduled doses.

Front 83

pharmacodynamics

Back 83

is a process by which a drug alters cell physiology.

Front 84

agonists

Back 84

drug interaction with a cellular receptor

Front 85

specific antagonist

Back 85

drugs inhibit or prevent the action of an agonist

Front 86

pharmockinetics

Back 86

the study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion of drugs.

Front 87

absorption

Back 87

the process by which a drug passes into the blood stream.

Front 88

The rate of absorption of a drug can be accelerated by what?

Back 88

the application of heat, which increase blood flow to the area;

Front 89

rate of drug can be slowed by what?

Back 89

absorption can be slowed by the application of cold.

Front 90

distribution

Back 90

transportation of a drug from its site of absorption to its site of action- drug enters- carried to the most vascular organs-liver, kidneys, and the brain.

Front 91

dangerous abbreviations

Back 91

U, Q.D, QOD, SC, SQ, MS, MSO4

Front 92

Types of medication orders

Back 92

routine
as needed
single-one time
standing
stat
written
verbal or telephone

Front 93

what makes a drug order legal

Back 93

doctors signature

Front 94

what should u do when u doubt any part of the medication order?

Back 94

The nurse should call the physician and discuss the rationale-when documenting- document the call time, conversation, orders given, meds given before MD reached.

Front 95

before administering meds, what should the nurse assess

Back 95

assess the client before administering meds,assess thingas that may interfere with meds such as age, diet, gender, clients abilities, administration route, cultural,ethnic and genetic factors.

Front 96

when assessing the client the nurse will assess?

Back 96

drugs the client is currently taking, medication allergies, food allergies.

Front 97

after the medication is administered it undergoes?

Back 97

absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Front 98

The nurse should understand what before giving medication to the client?

Back 98

purpose of med, side effects, best route, how it will alter the clients physiology.

Front 99

polypharmacy

Back 99

lots of meds

Front 100

6 rights

Back 100

right medication, dose, client, route, time and documentation.

Front 101

drug labels should contain what info?

Back 101

name of medication, strength, dose, name of the client and room #.

Front 102

required info before abministering controlled substance

Back 102

name of client, date/time of administration, name of med, dose, signature of person preparing and administering med, physician ordering the medication.

Front 103

before removing a controlled substance, what does the nurse do?

Back 103

verifies # actually available with # indicated on narcotic or controlled substance inventory record,if not the same the nurse must investigate and correct before proceeding.

Front 104

what do u do when there is a waste of controlled substance.

Back 104

include order amount and wasted amount, second nurse must witness discard, both hurses must sign control substance inventory form.

Front 105

Food drug and cosmetic act of 1938

Back 105

regulates most food products, drugs, therapeutic agents, medical devices, radiation products, cosmetics, animal feed and drugs, combination devices such as insulin injector pens, transdermal patches.

Front 106

President Roosevelt signed the food and drug act when?

Back 106

1906

Front 107

food and drug act originated as what?

Back 107

division of chemistry in us dept of agriculture

Front 108

purpose of food and drug act

Back 108

to protect the public from adulterated or mislabeled drugs

Front 109

food and drug act- drug companies had to declare?

Back 109

had to declare the presence of dangerous and possible addicting drugs

Front 110

what was the pharmacopia and national formulary designated for?

Back 110

official standards for therapeutic use, patient safety, quality, purity, strength, packaging safety, dosage form.

Front 111

1912-Shirley amendment

Back 111

prohibits fraudulent therapeutic claims made by drug companies (b/c of the "intent" factor, violations were hard to prove)

Front 112

1914- Harrison Narcotic Act

Back 112

Established legal term "narcotic"-regulated issues associating w/ manufacture and sale of habit-forming drugs.

Front 113

1938 revision of the food and drug act- became food, drug, and cosmetic act-

Back 113

drugs must be tested for safety, application to prove safety before sold products

Front 114

1951-Durham Humphrey Amendment

Back 114

distinguished b/n drugs that could be sold w/ or w/o prescription- identify drugs that needed prescription to be filled,

Front 115

legend drugs

Back 115

drugs that need prescription- labeled caution- federal law prohibits dispensing w/o a prescription.

Front 116

1962- kefauver-harris amendment

Back 116

safety and efficacy (therapeutic effectiveness) had to be proven before new drug could be approved for use

Front 117

1970- controlled substances act of 1970

Back 117

enacted in response to misuse and abuse of drugs-middle-late 1960's

Front 118

CSA

Back 118

legal basis by which the manufacturer, importation, possession, distribution of certain drugs regulated by federal govt.

Front 119

DEA

Back 119

makes final decision whether drug drug will be controled and which schedule to place in.

Front 120

schedule I

Back 120

high pot. abuse-no acceptance for medical use- no prescription written.

Front 121

Schedule II

Back 121

High pot abuse- High dependence-has med use w/ severe restrictions-only w/ prescription, no refills allowed

Front 122

Schedule III

Back 122

abuse less than I or II-low-moderate physical dependence- high psychological dependence -w/ prescription-refill up to 5 times in 6 mths.

Front 123

Schedule IV

Back 123

Low abuse compared to previous schedules- limited dependence-controll similar to III.

Front 124

Schedule V

Back 124

low abuse-limited dependence-sometimes avail w/o prescription.

Front 125

1980 dept of health and human services created

Back 125

fda now a part of dhs.

Front 126

pharmacology

Back 126

study of preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs

Front 127

pharmacy

Back 127

art of preparing, compounding, and dispensing meds.

Front 128

hospital formulary

Back 128

listing of drugs -enables health practitioners to prescribe treatment appropriately.

Front 129

physicians desk reference

Back 129

contain infor about drugs- prescription drugs and products used in diagnostic procedures.

Front 130

generic name

Back 130

name given BEFORE drug becomes OFFICIAL.

Front 131

official name

Back 131

drug listed in the official publication (pharmacopeia)

Front 132

trade name

Back 132

name given by manufacturer

Front 133

chemical name

Back 133

exact designation of the chemical structure of a drug

Front 134

idiosyncratic reaction

Back 134

uncommon response to drug- genetic predisposition- unpredictable

Front 135

hypersensitivity

Back 135

inappropriate and excessive response of immune system to antigen.-determined by genetic predisposition-amount of allergen-kind of allergen-route of entry into the body

Front 136

synergist effect

Back 136

interaction that results from combined drug effects

Front 137

additive effect

Back 137

2 drugs given so that smaller doses may be given of each drug.

Front 138

agonist

Back 138

binds to biochemical receptor

Front 139

antagonist

Back 139

binds and inhibits activity of biochemical receptor- also called inhibitors.

Front 140

onset of action

Back 140

when the body initially responds to drug

Front 141

peak plasma level

Back 141

highest level achieved by single dose- elimination rate =absorption rate.

Front 142

drug half life=8 hours

Back 142

time required for elimination process of drug to 1/2 to when it was administered.

Front 143

plateau

Back 143

maintained concentration of drug in the plasma with repeated doses

Front 144

pharmacodynamics

Back 144

study of mechanism of drug actions in living tissue (study of therapeutic effect)

Front 145

pharmacokinetics

Back 145

study of actions within the body (absorption)

Front 146

absorption

Back 146

process which drug passes into bloodstream- most occur in intestine- food can delay absorption-food can alter molecule structure- acidity can affect absorption

Front 147

solution

Back 147

mix of substances dissolved in another substance

Front 148

suspension

Back 148

liquid- small particles suspended but not dissolved.

Front 149

dispersal maintained by?

Back 149

shaking or stirrring mixture

Front 150

excretion

Back 150

metabolites and drugs eliminated from body- most metabolites excreted by kidneys- meds can be excreted by breath, perspiration, saliva, breast milk.