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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aa |
of each
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a.c.
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before meals
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ad lib
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as desired
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b.i.d.
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two times a day
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_
c |
with
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cap
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capsule
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dil.
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dilute
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elix.
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elixir
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ext
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extract
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fld.
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fluid
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gtt
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drop
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h, hr
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hour
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h.s.
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at bedtime
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IM
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intramuscular
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IV
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intravenous
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NS (N/S)
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normal saline
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os
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mouth
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p |
after
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p.c.
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after meals
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per
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by
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p.o.; per os
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by mouth
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p.r.n.
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when necessary/required
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q
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every
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q.a.m.
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every morning
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q.d.
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every day
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q.h.
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every hour
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q.2.h.
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every 2 hours
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q.h.s.
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every night at bedtime
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q.i.d.
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four times a day
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q.o.d.
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every other day
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_
s |
without
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__
ss |
one half
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soln.
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solution
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stat.
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at once, immediately
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supp
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suppository
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susp.
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suspension
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syp.
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syrup
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tab.
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tablet
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t.i.d.
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three times a day
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tr. or tinct.
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tincture
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ung
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ointment
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1oz
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30 mL
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1/2 oz
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15 mL
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1 L
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1000 mL
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1cc
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1 mL
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1 T
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15 mL
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1 mg
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1000 mcg
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1 gr
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60 mg
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1/150 gr
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0.4 mg
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1/200 gr
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0.3 mg
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metric system of measurement
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system of weight and measures used in medicine
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International units
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measures a drug in terms of action, not as a weight
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percentage measures
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% represents the number of grams of a drug per 100mL of solution
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milliequivalents
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indicates stregth or potency of a drug
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1906
pure food and drug act |
Government set standards for drug quality and purity
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Controlled substances act of 1970
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five schedules are divided based on potential for abuse, and physical and psychological dependence.
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Pharmacology
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any chemical that affects the process of a living organism can be defined as a drug
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Pharmacology
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three basic areas of pharmacology are
1. pharmaceutics 2. pharmacokinetics 3. pharmacodynamics |
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Pharmaceutics
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includes preparation of drugs and drug forms
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Enteral
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oral...ingested..
tablets, capsules, elixirs, lozenges, syrups |
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pharmacolinetics is the study of
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how drugs enter the body
reach their site of action metabolized and exit the body |
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pharmacokinetics processes
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Absorption
Distribution Metabolism Excretion |
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Absorption
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rate at which drug leaves site of amdinistration and the passage of drug molecules into the blood
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Factors that influence rate of drug absorption
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administration route
ability of drug to dissolve conditions at the site of absorption bioavailability-% of drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation |
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Administration route
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enteral
parenteral topical |
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distribution process
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transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action
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Distribution of drug depends on
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protein binding
blood flow body tissue availability |
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Metabolism (pharmacolinetics proccesses)
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biotransformation of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, or a more potent metabolite
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what tissues and organs aid in metabolism of drugs
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liver, kidney, lungs, plasma, and intestinal mucosa
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Excretion in pharmacokinetics
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elimination of drugs from the body
Routes: kidney, liver, bowel, sweat, saliva, mammary glands |
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parenteral
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iv...sub q...im
solutions, powdres for reconstitution, given by injection |
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topical
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ointments, creams, gels, transdermal patches, sublingual, buccal
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half life (t 1/2)
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time it takes for 1/2 of the drug concentration to be eliminated.
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onset
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time it takes to reach the minimum therapeutic concentration after a drug is given
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peak
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drug reaches its highest blood or plasma consentration (max. therapeutic effect)
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duration
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length of time the drug has a pharmacological effect== how long the drug has a therapeutic effect
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pharmacodynamics
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chemical and physical effects of drugs in the body and the mechanism of action
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primary effect of the drug
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desirable effect
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secondary effect of the drug
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can be desirable or undesirable
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theapeutic effect of the drug
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goal of drug therapy
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pharmacodynamics
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mechanism of action
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agonists
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drug that produce or promote a response
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antagonist
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drugs that prevent a response
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nonspecific interactions
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drug acts by physically interfering with or chemically altering cellular process
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pharmacotherapeutics
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use of drugs to treat or prevent disease
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individual response to drugs
factors to consider |
age, gender, genetics, weight, height.
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prescriptions are written by
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physicians, dentists, vets, LNP's, PA's
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Look drugs up under?
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generic names
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drug names
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chemical name
generic name trade name drug classification |
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medication distribution systems
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stock medications
unit dose systems computer controlled dispensing systems |
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reights of medication administration
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right client
right drug right dose right time right route right documentation |
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to avoid drug errors
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follow the 6 rights
real lable 3 times 1. when taking drug from dispenser 2. when checking drug agains the med record 3. before administration or before opening the unit dose package. |
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types of medication orders
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standing orders
PRN orders single/one time orders STAT orders |
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Trade name
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name given by the pharaceutical company that manufactured the drug
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generic name
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chemical name of drug
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drug strenght
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identifies the dosage of the drug in the form dispensed in the container
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drug form
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type of preparation of drug as prepared by manufacturer
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interpretation of medication labels
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route
ammount exp date lot number ndn number manufacturers name |
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administation of drugs requires nursing process..
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assessment
diagnosis planning implementation evaluation |
