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209 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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compatible numbers
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numbers that are easy to compute mentally (division)
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commutative property of addition
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a + b = b + a
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associative property of addition
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a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
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identity property of addition
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a + 0 = a
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metric units of measurement
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meter, liter, gram
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kilo-
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1000 metric units
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hecto-
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100 metric units
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deca-
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10 metric units
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deci-
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0.1 metric units
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centi-
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.01 metric units
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milli-
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.001 metric units
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integers
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whole numbers and their opposites
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opposites
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two numbers that are the same distance from zero in different directions
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additive inverses
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two numbers whose sum is zero, 5 + -5 = 0
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order of operations
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PEMDAS; parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction
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mean
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average (sum of all numbers divided by how many numbers)
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median
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middle (when ordered least to greatest)
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mode
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data value that occurs the most
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outlier
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data value that does not fit, too small or too big
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range
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difference between the biggest number and smallest number
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exponent
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notes how many times a number is multiplied
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base
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the number being multiplied repeatedly
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power
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an exponent and base together
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multiple
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product of a number and another whole number
5, 10, 15, 20, etc |
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LCM
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least common multiple
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factor
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number that divides another whole number with no remainder
24: 1, 24, 2, 12, 3, 8, 4, 6 |
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composite number
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number with more than two factors
Ex. 8, 22, 30, etc |
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prime number
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number with ONLY two factors, 1 and itself
Ex. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 etc |
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prime factorization
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writing composite number as factor of all primes
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GCF
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greatest common factor
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equivalent fractions
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fractions that name the same amount
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simplest form
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fractions written in lowest terms, GCF of numerator and denominator is 1
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LCD
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least common denominator
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improper fraction
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fraction that has a numerator that is greater than denominator
Ex. 12/5 |
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mixed number
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sum of a whole number and fraction
Ex. 3 1/2 |
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terminating decimal
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decimal amount that ends
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repeating decimal
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decimal that has a block of digits that repeat
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rational number
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number that can be written in fraction form, or decimal form
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scientific notation
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7.5 x 10^3
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benchmark
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convenient number used to replace fractions less than 1
EX 0, 1/2, and 1 |
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precision
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measurement that refers to exactness
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reciprocals
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3/4 and 4/3
5/8 and 8/5 |
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variable
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symbol that represents a number
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algebraic expression
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mathematical phrase with at least one variable
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equation
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mathematical sentence with and equal sign
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open sentence
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equation with one or more variables
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solution of an equation
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value for a variable that makes an equation true
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inverse operations
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operations that undo each other, opposite operations
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inequality
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mathematical sentence using "less than" "greater than" "less than or equal to" or "greater than or equal to" signs
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solution of an inequality
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any value that makes the inequality a true statement
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ratio
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a comparison of two quantities by division
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equivalent ratios
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two ratios that name the same number
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rate
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a ratio that compares two quantites measured in different units
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unit rate
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the rate for one unit of a given quantity
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unit cost
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a unit rate that gives the cost per unit
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proportion
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an equation stating that two ratios are equal
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cross products
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they're the two products found by multiplying the denominator of each ratio by numerator of the other ratio
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polygon
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a closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments that do not cross
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similar polygons
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1. corresponding angles have the same measure
2. the lengths of the corresponding sides form equivalent ratios |
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indirect measurement
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you use this to measure distances that are difficult to measure directly
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scale drawing
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an enlarged or reduced drawing of an object that is similar to the actual object
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scale
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the ratio that compares a length in a drawing or model to the corresponding length in the actual object
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percent
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a ratio that compares a number to 100
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commission
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a percent of the amount of your sales (to find: commission= commission rate * sales)
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percent of change
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the percent a quantity increases or decreases from its original amount
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markup
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the difference between the selling price and the store's cost of an item
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discount
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the difference between the orginal price and the sale price of an item
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point
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a location
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line
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a series of points that extend in opposite directions without end
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ray
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part of a line with one endpoint and all the points of the line on one side of the endpoint
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segment
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part of a line with two endpoints and all points in between
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plane
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a flat surface that extends indefinitely in all directions and has no thickness
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intersecting lines
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exactly one point in common
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parallel lines
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lines in the same plane that never intersect
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skew lines
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lie in different planes
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angle
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a figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint
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vertex
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the point of intersection of two sides of an angle or figure
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acute angle
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between 0 and 90 degrees
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right angle
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exactly 90 degrees
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obtuse angle
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between 90 and 180 degrees
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straight angle
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excatly 180 degrees
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complementary
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when the measure of two angles sum up to 90 degrees
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supplementary
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when the measure of two angles sum up to 180 degrees
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adjacent angles
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they share a vertex and a side but have no interior points in common
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vertical angles
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formed by two intersecting lines and are opposite each other
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congruent angles
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angles with equal measures
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congruent sides
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have the same length
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scalene triangle
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no congruent sides
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isosceles triangle
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at least two congruent sides
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equilateral triangle
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three congruent sides
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right triangle
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one right angle
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acute triangle
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three acute angles
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otuse triangle
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one obtuse angle
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quadrilateral
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4 sides
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pentagon
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5 sides
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hexagon
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6 sides
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octagon
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8 sides
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decagon
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10 sides
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regular polygon
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a polygon with all sides congruent and all angles congruent
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irregular polygon
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a polygon with sides that are not all congruent or angles that are not all congruent
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trapezoid
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a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides
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parallelogram
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a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel
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rectangle
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four right angles
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rhombus
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four congruent sides
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square
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four right angles and four congruent sides
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congruent polygons
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polygons with the same shape AND the same size
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circle
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the set of points in a plane that are all the same distance from a given point, called the center
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radius
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a segment that connects the center of a circle to the circle
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diameter
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a segment that passes through the center of a circle and has both endpoints on the circle
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central angle
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an angle with its vertex at the center of a circle
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chord
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a segment that has both endpoints on the circle
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arc
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part of a circle
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semicircle
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half of a circle
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circle graph
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a graph of data in which a circle represents the whole
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compass
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a tool that can draw a circle
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midpoint
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a segment is the point that divides the segment into two segments of equal length
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segment bisector
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a line, segment, or ray that goes through the midpoint of a segment
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perpendicula lines
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lines that intersect to form right angles
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perpendicular bisector
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a segment bisector that is perpendicular to a segment
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perimeter
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a figure is the toal distance around the figure
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area
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a figure is the number of square units a figure encloses
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base of a triangle
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any side of a triangle can be considered the base of a triangle
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height of a triangle
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the length of the perpendicular segment from a vertex to the base opposit the vertex or to an extension of the base
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circumference
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the distance around a circle
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pi
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the ratio of a circle's circumference C to its diameter d
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perfect square
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a number that is the square of an integer
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square root
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the inverse of squaring a number
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legs
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shortest sides of a triangle
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hypotenuse
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the side opposite the right angle
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pythagorean theorem
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a2+b2=c2
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three-dimensional figure
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a figure that does not lie in a plane
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face
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flat surface of a solid shaped like a polygon
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edge
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segment formed by the intersection of two faces
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prism
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three-dimensional figure with two parallel and congruent polygonal faces
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cube
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a rectangular prism with faces that are all squares
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cylinder
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two congruent parallel bases that are circles
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pyramid
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triangular faces that meet at one point, a vertex, and a base
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cone
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one circular base and one vertex
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sphere
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the set of all points in space that are the same distance from a center point
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net
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a two-dimensional pattern that you can fold to form a three-dimensional figure
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surface area
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a prism is the sum of the areas of its faces
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volume
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a 3-D figure is the number of cubic units needed to fill the space inside the figure
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cubic unit
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a cube with edges one unit long
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sequence
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a set of numbers that follow a pattern
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arthmetic sequence
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you find each term by adding a fixed number (called the common differece) to the previous term
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geometric sequence
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you find each term by multiplying the previous term by a fixed number (called the common ratio)
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conjecture
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a prediction that suggests what you expect to happen
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function
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a relationship that assigns exactly one output value for each input value
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principal
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original amount you deposit or borrow
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simple interest
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interest earned only on the principal
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compound interest
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interest that is paid on the original principal and on any interest that has been left in the account
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balance
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an account is the principal plus the interest earned
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formula
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a rule that shows the relationship between two or more quantities
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coordinate plane
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a grid formed by a x-axis and y-axis
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x-axis
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horizontial number line
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y-axis
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vertical number line
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ordered pair
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gives the location of a point
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origin
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where the axes intersect (0,0)
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quadrants
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the axes divide the plane into four
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x-coordinate
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the first number of an ordered pair
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y-coordinate
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the second number of an ordered pair
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graph of an equation
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the graph of all the points with coordinates that are solutions of the equation
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linear equation
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when the graph of its solutions lies on a line
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slope
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a ratio that decribes the steepness of a line
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rise
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its the vertical change in a line
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run
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the horizontal change
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nonlinear equation
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an equation whose graph is not a line
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transformation
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a change in the position, shape, or size of a figure
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translation
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a transformation that moves each point of a figure the same distance and in the same direction
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image
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result of a transformation
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prime notation
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the way to name an image point
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line of symmetry
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can be drawn through the figure so that one side is a mirror image of the other
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reflection
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a transformation that flips a figure over a line
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line of reflection
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the line which the figure is flipped over
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rotation
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a transformation that turns
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rotation
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a transformation that turns a figure about a fixed point
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center of rotation
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the fixed point that the rotation is happening
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rotaional symmetry
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a figure can be rotated 180 degrees or less and match the original figure
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angle of rotation
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number of degrees a figure rotates
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frequency table
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a table that lists each item in a data set and the number of times each item occurs
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line plot
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a graph that shows the shape of a data set by stacking X's above each data value on a number line
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histogram
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a bar graph with no spaces between the bars
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spreadsheet
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a tool for organizing and analyzing data
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cell
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a box where a column and a row of a spreadsheet meet
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double bar graph
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a graph that uses bars to compare two sets of data
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legend
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also known as a key, which i dentifies the data that are compared
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double line graph
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a graph that compares changes in two sets of data over time
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stem-and-leaf plot
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a graph that uses the digits of eahc number to show the datas distribution
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population
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a group of objects or people
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sample
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a part of the population
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random sample
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when each member of a population has the same chance of being selected
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biased question
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a question that makes an unjustified assumption or makes some answers appear better than others
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scatter plot
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a graph that relates two sets of data
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positive trend
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one set of values increases, the other set tends to increase
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negative trend
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one set of values increases, the other set tends to decrease
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no trend
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ther is no apparent relationship amount the data
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outcome
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the result of an action
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event
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a collection of possible outcomes
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theoretical probability
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P(event)= number of favorable outcomes/total number of possible outcomes
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complement
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an event is the collection of outcomes not containced in the event
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experimental probabilty
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probability based on experimental data or observations
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sample space
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the collection of all possible outcomes in an experiment
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counting principle
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suggests a simple qay to find the number of outcomes
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compound event
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consists of two or more events
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independent events
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the occurrence of one event does not affect the probability of the occurrence of the other
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dependent events
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the occurrence of one event affects the probability of the occurrence of the other event
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permutation
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arrangement of items in a particular order
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factorial
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the product of all positive integers less than or equal to a number
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combination
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a grouping of objects in which the order of the objects does not matter
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