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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ploya's Problem Solving Steps
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1. Understand the problem
2. Devise a plan 3. Carry out the plan 4. Look back and reflect on your solution |
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Problem Solving Strategies
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Guessing Intelligently
Trying a Simpler Problem Making a Table Drawing Pictures and Diagrams Considering Centers and Ends |
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Ten for One Principle
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In a base ten system, ten smaller units are regrouped into one of the next larger unit
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Roman Numerals
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I=1
V=5 X=10 L=50 C=100 D=500 M=1000 |
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Place Value Numeration System
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system in which the value of a numeral is determined only by its basic meaning but also by its location or place
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Placeholder
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symbol used to indicate an empty place in a place value system
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Algorithm
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step-by-step process for completing a task
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Terminating Decimals
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decimal number that contains only a finite number of digits
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Conversion Principle
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If a quanity is converted from a smaller unit to a larger unit, then the number of larger units will be smaller than the number of smaller units, and vice versa
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Rational Number
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any number that can be written in the form A/B, where A and B are integers and B can't equal 0
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12 inches=?
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1 foot
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3 feet=?
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1 yard
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1760 yards=?
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1 mile
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5280 feet=?
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1 mile
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16 ounces=?
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1 pound
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2000 pounds=?
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1 ton
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3 teaspoons=?
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1 tablespoon
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2 tablespoons=?
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1 ounce
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8 ounces=?
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1 cup
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2 cups=?
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1 pint
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2 pints=?
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1 quart
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4 quarts=?
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1 gallon
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Angle
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figure formed by two rays with a common endpoint, called a vertex
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Radian
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measure of an angle cooresponding to an arc with a length of one radius
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1 gallon is approximately
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231 cubic inches
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1 mL=?
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1 cubic centimeter
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Function
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One quanity Y is said to be a function of another quanity X if a specific value for X determines one specific value for Y
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Four ways to describe a relationship
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Verbally
Symbolically Numerically Graphically |
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variable
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symbol used to represent a changing quanity
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Set
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a collection of things
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Elements
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the contents of a set
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Well-defined
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elements are clearly specified
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One-to-one correspondence
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The elements in one set can be paired up with the elements in another set
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finite
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set has a limited number of elements
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infinite
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set has elements that go on without end
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cardinal number
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describe the size of a set
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ordinal number
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whole numbers used to indicate order
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nominal numbers
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numbers used for identification, value is irrelevant.
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Inductive Reasoning
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the process of making a prediction or a conjecture by observing a pattern among a limited number of observations
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Phases of Inductive Reasoning
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1. Collecting a limited set of data or making a number of observations
2. Look for a pattern 3. Make a conjecture or prediction |
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Venn diagram
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a diagram of sets and their relationship to each other
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intersection
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the set of all elements that are in both A and B.
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union
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the set of all elements that are in A or in B or in both A and B.
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disjoint
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the intersection of two sets is empty
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partition
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a set of subsets that have the following two characteristics: a) the subsets are disjoint and b) the union of the subsets is equivalent to the original set
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elementary fraction
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A/B with A parts of one or more sets each of which have been partitioned into B equal parts, where A and B are whole numbers and B can't equal 0
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ratio
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a comparison of two sets of the following form: For every A elements in the first set, there are B elements in the second set
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Inverse
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If not p, then not q.
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Converse
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If q, then p.
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Contrapositive
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If not q, then not p.
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Complex Numbers
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a number in the form a+bi, where a and b are real numbers.
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Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
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Every polynomial equation of degree N has exactly N complex solutions
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Like Terms in Addition and Subtraction
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Terms can be combined into a single term if and only if they have the same unit.
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Multiplicative Comparison
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Described amount is a multiplier of the base of comparison. A=m x b
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