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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of Vagina
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Muscular membranous tube connecting external genitalia with the uterus
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3 Functions of the Vagina
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1. Serve as passage for sperm for conception and fetus at birth.
2. Provide passage for menstrual flow from uterine endometrium to outside the body 3. To protect against trauma from sexual intercourse and infection from pathogenic organisms |
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True or False. During reproductive life, an acidic vaginal environment is not normal with a pH being 4-5
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FALSE
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Definition of the Uterus
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Hollow, muscular, thick-walled organ-located between the base of the bladder and the rectum about the vagina supported by 4 pairs of ligaments (Cardinal, Uterosacral, Round, and Broad)
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2 Major Portions of the Uterus
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Upper: Corpus- smooth muscle layer is the myometrium; dome-shaped top of corpus is the fundus (fallopian tubes enter here-cornua)
Lower: Cervix |
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What three layers make up the corpus?
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Perimetrium
Mymetrium Endometrium |
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Perimetrium
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Serosal-peritoneum
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Myometrium
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Continuous with muscle layers of Fallopian Tubes and Vagina
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Three layers of the Myometrium
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Outer layer of the fundus-longitudinal muscles causing cervical effacement and expel fetus
Thick Middle Layer: interlacing muscle fibers in figure 8 patterns surround large blood vessels. Contractions produce a tourniquet-like action on vessel to stop bleeding after birth Inner muscle layer is circular fibers that form sphincters at fallopian tube attachment sites and internal os. Work to keep uterine content inside during preggers |
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Three Functions of the Cervix
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1. Lubricates vaginal canal
2. Act as protector against bacteria 3. Provide alkaline environment for sperm |
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Where do most cervical cancers start?
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The T (Transformation) zone
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Fallopian Tubes
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Also known a uterine tubes and oviducts. Attach to uterine fundus.
8-14 cm long. Link peritoneal cavity with uterus and vagina |
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3 Functions of Fallopian Tubes
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1. Transport the ovum from the ovary to the uterus
2. Provide a site for fertilization 3. Serve as a warm, moist, nourishing environment for the ovum or zygote |
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Interstitial Portion
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Closest to the uterus
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Isthmus
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Straight, narrow, sight of tubal ligation, thick muscle wall, an opening
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Ampulla
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curved, outer 2/3rds fertilization usually here, ends at fimbria
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Fimbria
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funnel-shaped enlargement with many projections reaching out to the ovary-have fingers that wave around and coax egg to come up
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Ovaries
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left and right almond shaped structures located just below the pelvic brim. Size varies among women and with the stage of the menstrual cycle as well as onset of puberty and menopause
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Primary function of Ovaries
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Ovulation-to carry on the species
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Ovaries are the primary source of what two terms?
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Estrogen (contributing to femaleness) and progesterone (the hormone of pregnancy)
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Breasts
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mammary glands-accessories of reproductive system-highly specialized sebaceous glands
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Glandular tissue
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Arranged in a series of 15-24 lobes separated by fibrous and adipose tissue. Each lobe is made up of several lobules composed of many alveoli clustered around tiny ducts. Lining of ducts secretes components of milk.
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Nipple
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composed of erectile tissue which becomes more rigid and prominent during pregnancy, lactation, sexual stimulaiton
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Areola
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secretes a fatty substance during lactation thought to lubricate the skin
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When does ovulation occur?
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Days 13 and 14. Progesterone is being produced that comes from ovaries
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Estrogens
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Hormones that associate with "femaleness"
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Progesterone
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Secreted by the corpus luteum, greatest amount produced in the secretory phase
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Estrogens control:
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breast development
widening of the hips deposits of fat tissue in buttocks and mon pubis maturation of ovarian follicles endometrial mucosa develop following menses Maturation of ovarian follicles |
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When is estrogen at its greatest level?
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Proliferative phase
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Uterine sensitivity to what increases with estrogen?
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Oxytocin
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Estrogen inhibits and stimulates production of what?
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Inhibits FSH production
Stimulates LH production |
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Progesterone controls
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Decreases uterine motility and contractility- preparing the uterus for implantation after fertilization
Causes the uterine endometrium to increase its supply of glycogen, arterial blood, secretory glands, AAs, and H20 Causes vaginal epithelium to proliferate Causes cervical mucus to thicken Breasts begin changes for lactation Body temp change of 0.5-1.0 F which occurs with ovulation is due to progesterone |
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Stage of the embryo
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Day 15-8th week or until embryo reaches a crown to rump length of 3 cm. Usually 56 days after fertilization
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What is the most vulnerable time for the embryo to teratogens?
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15 days-56 days
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