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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TRUE OR FALSE: IN THE WOMB, THE LUNGS AND LIVER DO NOT FUNCTION
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TRUE
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IN THE FETUS, THE HOLE BETWEEN THE ATRIA IN WHICH BLOOD CIRCULATES
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FORAMEN OVALE
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THE DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
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DUCT BETWEEN AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK
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IN UTERO, BLOOD BYPASSES _______ AND GOES DIRECTLY TO ____________.
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LUNGS
AORTA |
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CONNECTS PLACENTA AND ILIAC ARTERIES OF BABY AND CARRIES WASTES AND CO2 TO PLACENTA AND MOTHER
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UMBILICL ARTERIES
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PICK UP FOOD AND O2 FROM PLACENTA AND BRING IT TO FETUS
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UMBILICAL VEINS
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CONNECT INSIDE THE BODY TO THE DUCTUS VENOSUS
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UMBILIICAL VEINS
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CARRIES FOOD AND O2 UP TO THE LIVER AND THEN CONNECTS TO INFERIOR VENA CAVA
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DUCTUS VENOSUS
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WHEN DOES THE FORAMEN OVALE DISAPPEAR?
ONCE IT DISAPPEARS, IT BECOMES A DEPRESSION CALLED? |
DISAPPEARS WITHIN 9 MONTHS
BECOMES A DEPRESSION IN THE HEART CALLED THE FOSSA OVALIS |
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DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS WITHERS AND BECOMES WHAT?
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LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM
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THE DUCTUS VENOSUS ATROPHIES AND BECOMES THE LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM. WHAT FUNCTION DOES THE LIGAMENTUM VENOSUM HAVE?
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IT'S A PIECE OF TISSUE THAT HELPS HOLD THE LIVER IN PLACE.
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UMBILICAL VEINS WITHER AND BECOME LIGAMENTUM TERES. WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION?
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HOLD LIVER IN PLACE
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UMBILICAL ARTERIES BECOME WHAT?
WHAT IS THEIR FUNCTION? |
SUPERIOR VESICAL ARTERIES
SUPPLY BLOOD TO BLADDER. |
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SURFACTANT
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A MIXTURE OF SURFACE-ACTIVE PHOSPHOLIPDS, WHICH ARE CRITICAL FOR ALVEOLAR STABILITY. IT IS PRODUCED IN UTERO AT 28-32 WEEKS, BUT PEAKS AT 35
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LECITHIN AND SPHINGOMYELIN
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PHOSPHOLIPIDS THAT COMPRISE SURFACTANT
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WHICH PHOSPHOLIPID IS PRODUCED IN GREATER AMOUNTS IN THE NEWBORN L OR S?
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L - 2:1 RATIO
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IF A BABY IS BORN BEFORE THE L/S RATIO IS 2:1, WHAT ARE THE POTENTIAL PROBLEMS?
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THE BABY WILL HAVE VARYING DEGREES OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS.
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WHAT 2 RADICAL CHANGES MUST TAKE PLACE FOR THE LUNGS TO FUNCTION IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH?
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PULMONARY VENTILATION MUST BE ESTABLISHED THROUGH LUNG EXPANSION FOLLOWING BIRTH.
A MARKED INCREASE IN THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION MUST OCCUR. |
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INITIATION OF BREATHING OCCURS BECAUSE OF WHAT 4 PROCESSES?
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MECHANICAL EVENTS - BEING BORN VAGINALLY SQUEEZES FLUID FROM BODY
CHEMICAL STIMULI - THE GASP OF AIR ELEVATES PCO2 AND DECREASES PH AND PO2 THERMAL STIMULI - THE CHANGE IN TEMP. FROM UTERO TO BIRTH STIMULATES RESPIRATIONS SENSORY STIMULI - PHYSICAL AND SENSORY STIMULI INVOLVED IN THE BIRTHING PROCESS HELP RESPIRATION BEGIN. |
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NEWBORNS ARE OBLIGATE MOUTH BREATHERS - TRUE OR FALSE?
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FALSE. THEY ARE NOSE BREATHERS AND IT'S VERY IMPT. TO KEEP NOSE AND THROAT FREE OF OBSTRUCTIONS
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IT IS NORMAL FOR NEWBORN TO HAVE RAPID BREATHS WITH PERIODS OF APNEA, BUT WHEN IS APNEA ABNORMAL
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MORE THAN 20 SEC. OF APNEA IS ABNORMAL
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THE 3 COMPONENTS OF FETAL CIRCULATION
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DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
FORAMEN OVALE DUCTUS VENOSUS |
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FORAMEN OVALE
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ANATOMICAL OPENING BETWEEN THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM WHICH CLOSES SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH
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DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS
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VESSLE THAT CONNECTS MAIN PULM ARTERY TO THE AORTA
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DUCTUS VENOSUS
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CONNECTS TO THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA.
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WHICH TWO STRUCTURES SHUNT BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS DURING UTERO?
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FORAMEN OVALE
DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS |
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WHICH STRUCTURE SHUNTS BLOOD FORM LIVER DURING UTERO
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DUCTUS VENOSUS
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WHY DO THE DA, FO, AND DV VALVES CLOSE?
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WHEN BABY IS BORN, LUNGS FILL WITH AIR, ESTABLISHING ITS OWN PULM CIRCULATION
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TEMPERATURE REGULATION IS WHAT?
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THE MAINTENANCE OF THERMAL BALANCE BY THE LOSS OF HEAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT AT A RATE EQUAL TO THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT.
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TNZ - THERMAL NEUTRAL ZONE
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A SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL TEMP RANGE THAT PROVIDES MINIMAL HEAT LOSS OR EXPENDITURE. THIS VARIES FROM BABY TO BABY
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BROWN FAT
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STORES OF FAT THAT PROMOTE RAPID METABOLISM, HEAT GENERATION AND HEAT TRANSFER TO PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION.
PRIMARY SOURCE OF HEAT IN THE COLD STRESSED NEWBORN. |
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SHIVERING IN THE NEWBORN
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SHIVERING IN THE NEWBORN MEANS THE NEWBORN'S METABOLIC RATE HAS DOUBLED, BUT THIS DOES NOT PRODUCE HEAT.
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TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN THE NEWBORN IS ACCOMPLISHED BY WHAT 2 MECHANISMS?
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TNZ
BROWN FAT |
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HEAT LOSS IN THE NEWBORN TAKES PLACE IN WHAT 4 WAYS?
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CONVECTION
RADIATION EVAPORATION CONDUCTION |
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CONVECTION
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LOSS OF HEAT BY AIR BLOWING -CEILING FANS OR AIR VENTS
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RADIATION
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HEAT TRANSFER FROM OBJECTS NOT IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH BODY - PLACING COLD OBJECTS NEAR INFANT
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EVAPORATION
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WATER IS CONVERTED TO A VAPOR - INFANT NEEDS TO BE WELL DRIED
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CONDUCTION
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HEAT LOSS DUE TO CONTACT WITH A COOLER SURFACE SUCH AS A NURSES COLD HANDS.
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PHYSIOLOGIC JAUNDICE
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CAUSED BY ACCELERATED DESTRUCTION OF RBC'S, BUILD UP OF BILLIRUBIN, AND CONJUGATION OF BILLIRUBIN
OCCURS AFTER 24 HOURS THE LIVER IS IMMATURE AT BIRTH SHOULD NOT EXCEED 13MG/DL |
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TX FOR JAUNDICE
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FOOD, FLUID, MILK, LIGHT THERAPY
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WHY IS VITAMIN K (AQUAMEPHYTON)GIVEN SOON AFTER BIRTH?
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TO ACTIVATE COAGULATION FACTORS.
NEWBORNS HAVE A LOW LEVEL OF VIT. K AT BIRTH BECAUSE THEY HAVE A STERILE GUT. JUST IN CASE NEWBORN HAS A BLEEDING PROBLEM, WE WANT THEM TO BE PROTECTED UNTIL THEY DEVELOP A SUPPLY OF COAGULATION FACTORS AROUND 9 MONTHS OR LATER. |
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WHERE IS THE INJECTION OF AQUAMEPHYTON GIVEN, WHAT IS THE DOSE?
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0.5-1 MG. IM IN VASTUS LATERALUS
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PERIODS OF REACTIVITY
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PREDICTIBLE PATTERN OF BEHAVIOR DURING FIRST SEVERAL HOURS AFTER BIRTH, CHARACTERIZED BY 2 PERIODS OF REACTIVITY SEPERATED BY A SLEEP PHASE.
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FIRST PERIOD OF REACTIVITY
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APROX 30 MIN AFTER BIRTH
NEWBORN AWAKE, ACTIVE, HUNGRY, SUCKING REFLEX BREAST FEED IF DESIRED BURSTS OF RANDOM MOVEMENT ALTERNATING WITH IMMOBILITY RESP RAPID FLARING OF NARES, GRUNTING RAPID HEART RATE WITH IRREG. RHYTHM B/S ABSENT |
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SLEEP PHASE OF REACTIVITY
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HEART RATE AND RESP DECREASE
CAN LAST FOR 2-4 HR. DIFFICULT TO WAKE NO INTEREST IN SUCKING B/S AUDIBLE CARDIAC AND RESP. RATE RETURN TO BASELINE VALUE |
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SECOND PERIOD OF REACTIVITY
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AWAKE, ALERT
USUALLY LAST 4-6 HR. HEART AND RESP INCREASE PERIODS OF APNEA CAN BE PRESENT RAPID COLOR CHANGES AND MILDLY CYANOTIC DURING PHASES OF APNEA PRODUCTION OF GASTRIC MUCOUS INCREASES - GAGGING,CHOKING, REGURGITATING MAINTAIN AIRWAY MECONIUM STOOL ROOTING,SWALLOWING,SUCKING |
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WHAT IS DONE TO THE NEWBORN FOR EYE PROFALAXIS
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ERYTHROMYCIN OINTMENT IS INSTILLED IN THE EYES TO PREVENT OPTHALMIA NEONATORUM (CAUSED BY GONORRHEA AND CHLAMYDIA)
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NEWBORN METABOLIC SCREENINGS DONE BEFORE DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL
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HEEL STICK TO IDENTIFY:
PKU CYSTIC FIBROSIS GALACTOSEMIA CONGENIATAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA HYPOTHYROIDISM USUALLY DONE 24 HRS. AFTER BIRTH |
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PKU
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ESSENTIAL AA THAT THE BODY USES FOR GROWTH. THE BODY CONVERTS EXCESS AMOUNTS OF IT TO TYROSINE, BUT IF THE NEWBORN WITH PKU CAN'T CONVERT IT, IT BUILDS UP IN THE BLOOD, WHICH WILL LEAD TO MENTAL RETARDATION
A PROBLEM WITH DISCHARGING PRIOR TO 24 HOURS IS THAT THE PKU TEST AND TEST FOR HYPOTHYROIDISM MAY NOT BE ACCURATE PRIOR TO 24 HOURS OF AGE. IF THE NEWBORN NEEDS TO BE RE-TESTED AT THE MD'S OFFICE NO LATER THAN 2 WEEKS |
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CAPUT VS. CEPHALOHEMAT0MA
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CAPUT: COMPRESSION OF BV'S ON INFANT HEAD AS A RESULT OF LONG DIFFICULT LABOR. CAUSES DECREASED VENUS RETURN, INCREASE IN FLUID VOL, EDEMA, BLEEDING. THE FLUID IS USUALLY REABSORBED WITHIN 12 HOURS TO A FEW DAYS. IT DOES CROSS SUTURE LINES
CEPHALOHEMATOMA-COLLECTION OF BLOOD RESULTING FROM RUPTURED BV'S BETWEEN THE CRANIAL BONE AND PERIOSTEAL MEMBRANE. SCALP FEELS LOOSE AND ENDEMATOUS. BY 1ST OR 2ND DAY THEY EMERGE INTO HEMATOMAS. THEY DO NOT CROSS SUTURE LINES. MAY DISAPPEAR WITHIN 2-3 WEEKS. MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH PHY. JAUNDICE B/C RBC'S ARE DESTROYED WITHIN IT. |
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TESTS THAT CAN BE DONE TO ASSESS FETAL WELL-BEING
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FETAL ACTIVITY
ULTRASOUND NST ST BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE AMNIOCENTESIS TRIPLE TEST GESTATIONAL AGE ASSESSMENT |
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TO ASSESS FETAL WELL BEING, FETAL ACTIVITY TEST CAN BE PERFORMED. DESCRIBE WHO DOES IT, WHEN IT'S DONE, WHAT IS DONE, WHEN IS IT A CONCERN?
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MOM ASSESSES FETAL ACTIVITY AND MOVEMENT AND IT'S RECORDED ON A TAPE.
DONE FROM 28TH WEEK TO BIRTH 3RD TRIMESTER AVERAGE OF 30 MOVEMENTS/HOUR IF LESS THAN 10 MOVEMENTS/3 HOURS CALL PHYSICIAN |
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WHY MIGHT AN EARLY ULTRASOUND DONE.
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DX. IUP (INTRAUTERINE PREGNANCY) AND MAKE SURE IT'S NOT AN ECTOPIC.
TO ID MULTIPLE GESTATION IF FUNDUS IS NOT MEASURING NORMALLY TO ASSESS GESTATIONAL AGE ANOMOLIES FHR AND FBM (FETAL BREATHS/MIN) |
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TO DETECT GESTATIONAL AGE VIA ULTRASOUND, WHEN CAN THIS BE DONE AND WHAT IS MEASURED?
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CAN ONLY BE DONE IN 1ST TRIMESTER.
MEASURE BIPARIETAL DIAMETER AND FEMUR LENGTH. |
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TO DETECT FETAL CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS WHAT TEST IS DONE?
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AMNIOCENTESIS
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IF AN ULTRASOUND IS DONE IN LATER PREGNANCY, WHAT MIGHT BE SOME REASONS?
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DETECT AMOUNT AND LOCATION OF AMNIOTIC FLUID
DETECT PLACENTAL LOCATION AND GRADING FETAL PRESENTATION/POSITION AMNIOCENTESIS FETAL DEATH |
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PLACENTAL PREVIA
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ABNORMAL IMPLANTATION OF PLACENTA IN THE LOWER UTERINE SEGMENT.
DO NOT DO VAG. EXAM IF PT. HAS PAINLESS VAG. BLEEDING - COULD BE R/T PLACENTA PREVIA |
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WHY DO WE NEED TO DO US BEFORE AMNIOCENTESIS
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LOCATE AMNIOTIC POCKET, LOCATION OF FETUS, AND PLACENTAL LOCATION SO WE PLACE THE NEEDLE IN THE CORRECT PLACE TO DRAW OUT THE FLUID.
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NON STRESS TEST (NST)
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STRESS REFERS TO UTERINE CONTRACTIONS, SO IN THIS TEST WE DO NOT MEASURE CONTRACTIONS THATS WHY IT'S CALLED A NST.
DONE AT 32 WEEKS ASSESSES BASELINE VARIABILITY AND ACCELERATIONS OF FHR WITH FETAL MOVEMENT. |
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HOW Is FETAL WELL BEING INDICATED USING THE RESULTS OF A NST. WHAT ARE MD'S LOOKING FOR IN THE RESULTS?
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REACTIVE IS REASSURING AND INDICATIVE OF FETAL WELL BEING
2 ACCELERATIONS OF FHR WITH FM OF 15 BPM LASTING 15 SEC OR MORE OVER 20 MIN PERIOD. |
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IF A NST IS NONREACTIVE, WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
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THE CRITERIA WAS NOT MET AND THERE IS UNSATISFACTORY OR INADEQUATE FETAL MOVEMENT.
THEY MAY GIVE OJ,H20,ICE CHIPS,OR FOOD TO MOM TO STIM. FETAL ACTIVITY. |
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CONTRACTION STRESS TEST
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MUST HAVE CONTRACTIONS
EVALUATES PLACENTAL FUNCTION AND FETAL TOLERANCE TO LABOR DONE AT 32-34 WEEKS 15 MINUTE BASELINE FIRST SPONTANEOUS CONTRACTIONS NIPPLE STIM. TO STIM. OXYTOCIN WHICH STIM. CONTR. OCT (OXYTOCIN CHALLANGE TEST - PITOCIN DILUTED W/ IV FLUID AND INFUSED) DONE IF NIPPLE STIM DOESN'T WORK |
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NEGATIVE CST
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3 CONTRACTIONS LASTING 40 SEC. OR MORE IN 10 MIN. WITHOUT LATE DECELS. THIS IS REASSURING TO MD BECAUSE LATE DECELS INIDICATE POOR UTERO PLACENTAL PERFUSION.
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BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE. WHO HAS IT DONE AND WHAT TYPES OF THINGS DOES IT ASSESS?
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ONLY HIGH RISK PT. HAS IT DONE.
FETAL BREATHING MVTS. FETAL MVT. FETAL TONE AMNIOTIC FLD. VOL. REACTIVE FHR ULTRASOUND AND NST COMBINED NORMAL SCORE IS 8 OR 10 (SCORING IS DONE LIKE APGAR) |
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AMNIOCENTESIS. WHY IS IT DONE, WHO IS IT DONE ON?
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CAN BE DONE EARLY (16-18 WEEKS) TO TEST FOR GENETIC ABNORMALITIES
OR LATE (33-40 WEEKS)TO DETECT LS RATIO FOR FETAL LUNG MATURATION. IF MOM HAS DIABETES AND THEY NEED TO INDUCE BECAUSE BABY/MOM IS IN DANGER, THEY NEED TO MAKE SURE LUNGS HAVE ENOUGH SURFACTANT THAT THEY CAN FUNCTION. |
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CHORIONIC VILLUS SAMPLING (CVS)
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CHORIONIC VILLI IS OBTAINED FROM PLACENTA
DIAGNOSIS OF GENETIC,METABOLIC,AND DNA STUDIES CAN BE DONE CERVICALLY OR ABDOMINALLY PERFORMED AT 10-12 WEEKS |
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TRIPLE TEST
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A TEST THAT ASSESS FOR APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF AFP, HCG, AND ESTRIOL. IT'S MOST WIDELY USED TO SCREEN FOR DOWN SYNDROME, TRISOMY 18 AND NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS.
IT CAN BE DONE BY TESTING AMNIOTIC FLUID, BUT IS USUALLY PERFORMED USING A MATERNAL BLOOD SAMPLE AT 16-18 WEEKS |
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QUADRUPLE TEST
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WILL REPLACE TRIPLE TEST. IT'S THE TRIPLE TEST PLUS INHIBIN A, WHICH REDUCES THE FALSE-POSITIVE RATE.
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WHAT DO ESTRIOL LEVELS INDICATE?
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PLACENTAL FUNCTION
THE HIGHER LEVEL OF ESTRIOL INDICATES INCREASED PLACENTAL FUNCTION. |
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GESTATIONAL AGE ASSESSMENT INCLUDES WHAT?
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WEIGHT
LENGTH HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE |
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SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE
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AT OR BELOW THE 10TH PERCENTILE. CAN BE USED INTERGANGABLE WITH IUGR
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IUGR (INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION)
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ADVANCED GESTATION AND LIMITED FETAL GROWTH.
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SYMMETRICAL IUGR - WHAT CAUSES IT? WHEN CAN IT BE DETECTED? HOW IS FETUS AFFECTED?
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CAUSED BY LONG-TERM MATERNAL CONDITIONS SUCH AS CHRONIC HTN, SEVERE MALNUTRITION,DM CHRONIC INTRAUTERINE INFECTION, SUBSTANCE ABUSE,ANEMIA OR FETAL GENETIC ABNORMALITIES.
CAN BE DETECTED ON US THE FIRST HALF OF SECOND TRIMESTER EVERYTHING ON THE FETUS IS EFFECTED. |
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ASYMMETRICAL IUGR
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ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE COMPRIMISE OF UTEROPLACENTAL BLOOD FLOW. CAN BE CAUSED BY ADOLESCENT/PIH/POOR NURTRITION
THIS TYPE OF IUGR IS USUALLY NOT EVIDENT UNTIL 3RD TRIMESTER. THE BODY IS SMALL BUT HEAD AND BRAIN IS OK. IT IS BETTER TO HAVE ASYMMETRICAL THEN SYMMETRICAL IUGR |
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COMPLICATIONS OF THE SGA NEWBORN
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PERINATAL ASPHYXIA
ASPIRATION (MAS) HEAT LOSS HYPOGLYCEMIA HYPOCALCEMIA POLYCYTHEMIA |
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LGA AND CAUSES
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AT OR ABOVE 90TH PERCENTILE
CAUSES: MATERNAL DIABETES (IDM) GENETIC MULTIPARA |
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COMPLICATIONS OF LGA BABY
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1. BIRTH TRAUMA SUCH AS:
CPD-ABSOLLUTELY REQUIRES CS SHOULDER DYSTOCIA FRACTURED CLAVICLE CEPHALOHEMATOMA SKID MARKS NERVE DAMAGE 2. CS 3. HYPOGLYCEMIA 4. POLYCYTHEMIA |
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S/S OF HYPOGLYCEMIA IN THE NEWBORN
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TREMORS
CYANOSIS APNEA TEMP INSTABILITY POOR FEEDING HYPOTONIA SEIZURES IN SEVERE CASES |
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POLYCYTHEMIA
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HYPERVISCOSITY (THICK BLOOD), DECREASED DEFORMABILITY OF RBC (CAN'T BREAK DOWN) RESULTS IN POOR TISSUE PERFUSION. THIS STIMULATES ERYTHROPOIETIN PRODUCTION, WHICH INCREASES HCT AND THE POTENTIAL FOR HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA.
THIS CONDITION MAY BE CAUSED BY THE DECREASED EXTRACELLULAR VOL. IN IDM'S |
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EXPLAIN HYPOGLYCEMIA IN THE IDM.
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IN UTERO, FETUS IS ACCOSTUMED TO HIGH LEVELS OF GLUCOSE, SO THE FETAL PANCREAS PROD. INCREASED AMT. OF INSULIN.
WHEN THE CORD IS CLAMPED, THE GLUCOSE IS SHUT OFF, BUT THE PANCREAS IS STILL PROD. INSULIN. IT IS IMPT. TO FEED BABY RIGHT AFTER BIRTH TO GET GLUCOSE LEVELS UP TO COMPENSATE FOR HIGH INSULIN LEVEL. |
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HYPOCALCEMIA IN THE IDM AND S/S
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MAY BE R/T IDM'S INCREASED INCEDENCE OF PREMATURITY AND STRESS OF DIFFICULT LABOR AND PREGNANCY.
DIABETIC WOMEN HAVE LOW SERUM MAG. LEVELS AT TERM SECONDARY TO INCREASED URINARY CALCIUM EXCRETION, WHICH CAUSES SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM IN THE INFANT. S/S: TREMORS ARE THE OBVIOUS SIGN. |
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IDM COMPLICATIONS
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HYPOGLYCEMIA
HYPOCALCEMIA HYPERBILLIRUBINEMIA BIRTH TRAUMA POLYCYTHEMIA RDS CONGENITAL ANOMALIES |
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Respriatory Distress Syndrome IN THE IDM
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INSULIN IS ANTAGONIST TO LECITHIN, WHICH PRODUCES SURFACTANT.
IDM'S PRODUCE A LOT OF INSULIN, SO FETUS MAY NOT HAVE ADEQUATE SURFACTANT PRODUCTION. MANY TIMES IDM'S ARE DELIVERED EARLY, SO PHYSICIAN MAY WANT A 3:1 RATIO BEFORE INDUCTION. |
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PRETERM INFANT IS BORN WHEN.
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BEFORE ON AT THE END OF 37 WEEKS.
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COMPLICATIONS OF THE PRETERM
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ORGAN IMMATURITY
APNEA RDS PDA IVH THERMOREGULATION PROBLEMS HYPOGLYCEMIA HYPOCALCEMIA FEEDING PROBLEMS NEC |
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RDS AND Signs and symptoms
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RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
EX: CIRCUMORAL CYANOSIS TACHYPNEA NASAL FLARING GRUNTING STERNAL RETRACTIONS APNEA |
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Patent Ductus Arterioses
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PATENT DUCTUS ARTEREOSIS
DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS CLOSES IN RESPONSE TO INCREASING LEVELS OF O2. IF 02 IS LOW, IT MAY STAY OPEN WHICH PUTS BABY AT RISK FOR PULM HTN, TACHYPNEA |
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Intraventricular hemmhorage
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INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMMHORAGE
STROKE. BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BRAIN RUPTURE. MOST COMMON TYPE OF INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE IN SMALL PRE-TERM INFANTS. |
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WHY DO PRETERMS HAVE THERMOREGULATION PROBLEMS
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NOT ENOUGH SUB-q FAT OR BROWN FAT IS NOT DEVELOPED
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Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IS A RESULT OF DIMINISHED BLOOD FLOW AND TISSUE PERFUSION TO THE IINTESTINAL TRACT DUE TO PROLONGED HYPOXIA AND HYPOXEMIA AT BIRTH.
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LONG TERM PROBLEMS OF THE PRETERM
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Retinopathy
Retrolentalfibroplasia Bronchiopulmonary displasia SPEECH, NEURO, AUDITORY DEFICITS cerebral palsey severe learning problems |
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RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
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RETINOPATHY OF PREMATUREITY
RETINAL CHANGES THAT CAN RESULT IN VISUAL IMPAIRMENT. |
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BPD
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BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA
LONG TERM LUNG DISEASE THAT IS A RESULT OF DAMAGE TO THE ALVEOLAR EPITHELIUM SECONDARY TO POSITIVE PRESSURE RESPIRATOR THERAPY AND HIGH O2 CONCENTRATION. L/T DEPENDANCE ON O2 AND INCREASED INCIDENCE OF RESP. INFECT. DURING FIRST FEW YEARS OF LIFE ARE COMMON. |
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WHEN IS A BABY CONSIDERED POSTTERM
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IF BORN AFTER 42 WEEKS
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POSTMATURE SYNDROME
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FETUS HAS OUTLIVED THE ABILITY OF THE PLACENTA TO NURTURE IT. BABY LOOSES SUB-q FAT AND BURNS OFF BROWN FAT.
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PROBLEMS WITH POSTMATURE SYNDROME
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HYPOGLYCEMIA
MAS POLYCYTHEMIA COLD DISTRES |
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HYPOGLYCEMIA IS A PROBLEM IN THE PRETERM. WHY IS IT A PROBLEM IN THE POSTTERM AS WELL?
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BECAUSE THE FETUS IS DEPRIVED OF NUTRIENTS AND HAS DEPLETED GLYCOGEN STORES.
ONCE BORN, BABY CAN'T REGULATE BLOOD SUGAR AND QUICKLY BURNS ALL FAT AND GLUCOSE TO HELP STAY WARM. |
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GROUP B STREP
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STREP B IS NORMAL FLORA IN MOST WOMEN'S VAGINA AND IS NO PROBLEM FOR MOM, HOWEVER IT IS A PROBLEM FOR BABY AND CAN KILL AN INFANT IF IT IS EXPOSED.
IF AT ANY TIME IN THE ANTEPARTAL PERIOD THE MOM IS TESTED + FOR GBS, SHE WILL BE TREATED AT + DURING L&D ALSO. SHE WILL GET 2 DOSES OF ANTIBIOTIC (AMPICILLIN IV OR Q 4 HOURS OR GENTAMYCIN) TO PREVENT SPREAD TO BABY. IF MOM IS -, THEY WILL CULTURE BABY AT BIRTH AND GIVE MEDS IF BABY IS +. BABY WILL NEED ANTIBIOTICS FOR 2 WEEKS. |
