Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
types of classes available |
gestational diabetes mellitus early pregnancy exersise classes for pregnant women infant care breastfeeding sibling grandparent adolescent child birth |
|
|
childbirth preparation classes |
refresher c section VBAC adolescent |
|
|
preparation classes include |
changes of pregnancy fetal development prenatal care hazardous substance to avoid nutrition common discomfort benefit of exersice coping with labor and delivery |
|
|
factors that influence labor |
pain threshold sources of pain during labor CNS Factors gate control theory endorphins cervical readiness pelvis labor intensity fatigue fetal presentation and position |
|
|
advantages of nonpharmacolgical pain management |
do not harm mother or baby do not slow labor if provided adequate pain control no risk for allergy or adverse drug effect |
|
|
methods of childbirth preparation |
dick-read bradley lamaze |
|
|
Dick-Read method |
Fear tension cycle |
|
|
Bradley method |
husband coached childbirth |
|
|
lamaze method |
respond to contractions with relaxation rather than tension |
|
|
nonpharmacological techniques |
effleurage sacral pressure thermal stimulation positioning diversion and distractions breathing |
|
|
effleurage |
women strokes her abdomen in circular movement |
|
|
first staged breathing |
slow motified patterned |
|
|
second stage breathing is used when |
you have to push |
|
|
slow paced breathing |
start with a pattern and a cleansing breath breath slowly cleansing breath ends with the contraction |
|
|
moderate paced breathing |
begins and ends with a cleansing breath during contraction the women breathes more rapidly and shallowly rate should be no more then her usual rate can combine both this and slow breathing |
|
|
pattern paced breathing |
her hoo or pant blow breathing focused on the pattern of her breathing |
|
|
s&s of hyperventilation |
dizziness tingling of hands and feet cramps and muscle spasm of hands numbness of nose and mouth blurred vision |
|
|
corrective measures for hyperventilation |
breath slowly especially when exhaling breath in cupped hands place a moist wash cloth over mouth and nose hold breath for a few seconds before exhaling |
|
|
nurses role in nonpharmacologic techniques |
aid in developing appropriate nursing care plans Identify signs of tension aids in determining appropriate relaxation techniques minimize environmental irritants keep her clean and dry helps her to relax and focus |
|
|
nurses role in nonpharmacologic techniques |
aid in developing appropriate nursing care plans Identify signs of tension aids in determining appropriate relaxation techniques minimize environmental irritants keep her clean and dry helps her to relax and focus |
|
|
regional anesthia |
loss of sensation |
|
|
general anesthia |
loss of consciousness and sensation |
|
|
general anesthia |
loss of consciousness and sensation |
|
|
narcotics may be given when a women is in labor may be... |
meperidine: IV or intramuscular fentanyl: rapid onset and short duration of action often used with epidural analgesia |
|
|
combination opioid agonist-antagonist |
nalbuphine- reduces pain and is thought to cause less respiratory depression than meperidine |
|
|
opioid antagonist |
naloxone: used to help resecutate a newborn |
|
|
advantages of pharmacologic meds |
allows mom to be relaxed and more comfy increased relaxation will aid in her ability to work through contractions lessens strength response |
|
|
limitations of pharmacologic meds |
two ppl are being medicated can slow labor if given too early |
|
|
narcotic should be avoided when |
if birth is anticipated within 1 hour |
|
|
analgesic do what to pain |
blocks it |
|
|
anesthetic does what to pain |
blocks both pain and motor response |
|
|
types of anesthia for childbirth |
anesthetic method local infiltration pudenal block epidural block subarachnoid ( spinal block) general anesthia |
|
|
general anesthia may be needed in |
emergancy c-section a woman who refuses of has contraindicated to block |
|
|
adverse effects of general anesthia in the mom |
regurgitated with aspiration of gastric contents can result in chemical injury to lungs |
|
|
adverse effects of general anesthia in the mom |
regurgitated with aspiration of gastric contents can result in chemical injury to lungs |
|
|
adverse effects of general anesthia in neonate |
respiratory depression aggressive recitation may be necessary |
|
|
nurses role |
begins at admission womens admission provides education regarding procedures and expected effects observe for hypo tension and respiration depression womens preference for pain relief document interventions and assessments |
|
|
reasons to be induced |
gestational hypertension ruptured membranes infection with in the uterus medical problems that worse with pregnancy fetal problems placental insufficiency fetal death |
|
|
bishop score |
to assess the status of the cervix in determining its response to induction |
|
|
induction of labor |
intentional initiation of labor before it begins naturally |
|
|
augmentation of labor |
the stimulation of contractions after they have begun naturally |
|
|
labor is not induced when |
placenta previa umbilical cord prolapse abnormal fetal presentation high station of the fetus active herpes abnormal size or structure of the mothers pelvis previous classic vertical c section incision |
|
|
amniotomy |
when they break your water complications prolapse umbilical cord infection abruptio placentae |
|
|
observe for these complications post amniotomy |
fetal HR outside normal range observe color odor amount and character of amniotic fluid womans temp higher than 38 degrees c suggest infection green fluid suggest fetus have passed a meconium stool |
|
|
what are use to soften the cervix |
prostaglandin gel or a vaginal insert |
|
|
oxytocin induction is most commonly used to |
stimulate and initiate contractions |
|
|
nonpharmacological ways to stimulate contractions |
walking- ease pressure of the fetus on mothers back and adds gravity to the downward force of contractions nipple stimulation of labor- causes the pituitary gland to secrete natural oxytocin |
|
|
version (internal and external) |
method of changing the fetal presentation usually from breech or oblique to cephalic |
|
|
what version is more common |
external |
|
|
risks and complications of version |
abnormal uterine shape or pelvic side abnormal placental placement previous c section birth with vertical uterine incision active herpes virus infection inadequate amniotic fluid poor placental function multifetal gestation fetus can become entangled in umbilical cord |
|
|
episiotomy |
surgical enlargement of the vaginal opening during birth |
|
|
laceration |
is an uncontrolled tear of the tissues that results in a jagged wound |
|
|
first degree |
superficial vaginal mucosa or perineal skin |
|
|
second degree |
involves vaginal mucosa, perineal skin and deeper tissues of the perineum |
|
|
third degree |
same as second degree plus involves anal sphincter |
|
|
fourth degree |
extends through the anal sphincter into the rectal mucosa |
|
|
indications for a episiotomy |
better control of where and how much the vaginal opening is enlarged provided with a clean edge rather than the ragged opening of a tear |
|
|
alternative to an episiotomy |
perineal stretching and massage and exercise |
|
|
forceps extraction |
provides traction and rotation of the fetal head and when the mother pushing efforts are insufficient to accomplish a safe delivery |
|
|
vacuum extraction |
uses suction to the fetal head to allow the physician to assist the mom can only be used with occiput presentation |
|
|
risks for vacuum or forceps extraction |
trauma to maternal or fetal tissues mom may have laceration or hematoma In her vagina infant may have bruising or facial or scalp lacerations or abrasions |
|
|
C section |
surgical delivery of fetus through the incisions in the moms abdomen |
|
|
indications for c section |
abnormal labor previous surgery of uterus fetal compromise placenta previa active maternal herpes virus maternal condition (GH or DM) |
|
|
risk of c section for mom |
anesthia respiratory complications hemorrage blood clots injury to urinary tract delayed intestinal peristalsis infection |
|
|
risk of c section to neonates |
injury respiratory problems inadvertently preterm birth |
|
|
type of incisions |
skin and uterine |
|
|
uterine incisions |
low and transverse- preferred low vertical-likely to rupture during another birth classic incision- rarely used causes more blood loss and most likely to rupture during another pregnancy |
|
|
recovery for a c section |
vital signs to identify hemorrhage or shock IV site and rate of solution flow fundus firmness height and midline position dressing for drainage lochia for quantity color and presence Urine output from indwelling cath |
|
|
abnormal labor is aka |
dysfunctional labor does not progress |
|
|
term used to describe a difficult labor is |
dystocia |
|
|
risks for dysfunctional labor |
advanced maternal age obesity overdistention of uterus abnormal presentation CPD overstimulation of uterus maternal fatigue dehydration fear lack of analgesic assistance |
|
|
hypertonic |
increased muscle tone latent phase of labor characterized by contractions that are frequent cramplike and poorly coordinated painful but nonproductive |
|
|
hypotonic |
decreased muscle tone labor begins normally but diminishes during active labor phase more likley to occur if uterus is overdistended |
|
|
shoulder dystocia |
occurs when fetus is too large is an emergency fetal chest cannot expand |
