Maternal Newborn - Test 2 Chapter 15

Front 1

Nutrient needs before conception

-Folate is the form in which the vitamin is found

Back 1

naturally in foods

Front 2

Nutrient needs before conception

-Folic acid is the form used in

Back 2

fortification of grain products and other foods and in vitamin supplements

Front 3

Nutrient needs before conception

what is more common in infants of woman with poor folic acid intake (the neural tube is required for normal function of the spinal cord and closes during t/ 1st month

Back 3

-neural tube defects (failures in closure of neural tube)

Front 4

folic acid is found in what foods:

Back 4

-found in ready to eat cereals
-enriched grain products or supplements
-green leafy veggies
-whole grains
-fruits

Front 5

Weight gain
-primary factor to consider in making a weight gain recommendation is the:

Back 5

appropriateness of the pregnancy weight for the woman’s height (whether the woman’s weight was normal before pregnancy or whether she was underweight or overweight

Front 6

Weight gain
--severely underweight women are more likely to have

Back 6

preterm
LBW

Front 7

Weight gain
-normal weight and underweight women have

Back 7

an increased risk of giving birth to an infant with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)

Front 8

Weight gain
-when obesity is present (either preexisting obesity or obesity that develops during pregnancy) there is an increased likelihood of

Back 8

macrosomia and fetopelvic disproportion, operative birth, ER cesarean birth, postpartum hemorrhage, wound, genital tract, urinary tract infection, birth trauma, late fetal death

Front 9

Weight gain
--______ women are more likely than normal weight woman to have preeclampsia and gestational diabetes

Back 9

obese

Front 10

-BMI is used to evaluate weight/height

Back 10

BMI=weight divided by height squared

Front 11

-adolescents are encouraged to strive for weight gain at the upper end of the range for BMI

TRUE OR FALSE

Back 11

true

Front 12

Pattern of weight gain
--risk of giving birth to an SGA infant is greater when

Back 12

the weight gain early in pregnancy is poor

Front 13

Pattern of weight gain
-likelihood of preterm birth is greater when

Back 13

the gains during the last half of pregnancy are inadequate

Front 14

Pattern of weight gain
-during the what trimesters, growth takes place primarily in maternal tissues

-during what trimester does growth occurs primarily in fetal tissues

Back 14

-during the first and second


third

Front 15

Pattern of weight gain

-during the 1st trimester, the average total weight gain is only ______kg, thereafter the recommended weight gain increases to approx. _____kg per week for a woman for normal weight

Back 15

-during the 1st trimester, the average total weight gain is only 1-2.5 kg, thereafter the recommended weight gain increases to approx. 0.4kg per week for a woman for normal weight

Front 16

Pattern of weight gain

-weekly weight for overweight women during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is ____kg

-weekly weight for underweight women during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is ____ kg

Back 16

weekly weight for overweight women during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is 0.3kg

-weekly weight for underweight women during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is 0.5 kg

Front 17

recommended energy kcal
-first trimester??

Back 17

-no increment for the first trimester

Front 18

recommended energy kcal
2nd and 3rd trimesters

Back 18

additional 340-462 kcal per day over the prepregnant intake is recommended


-
the additional 340 kcal can be accomplished by 1 serving of milk, yogurt, cheese, fruits, veggies, bread, cereal, rice, pasta)

Front 19

reasons for deviation from expected rate of weight gain

Back 19

-inadequate dietary intake
-excessive dietary intake
-measurement or recording errors

Front 20

reasons for deviation from expected rate of weight gain

Back 20

-difference in the weight of clothing
-differences in the time of day
-accumulation of fluids

Front 21

reasons for deviation from expected rate of weight gain

-an exceptionally high gain is likely to result from

Back 21

the accumulation of fluids

Front 22

reasons for deviation from expected rate of weight gain

what indicates the development of preeclampsia?

Back 22

-gain of more than 3 kg/month after the 20th wk of gestation




preeclampsia

Front 23

-basic element for growth

Back 23

protein

Front 24

what are 4 complete protein foods

Back 24

-milk, meat, eggs, cheese


-legumes, whole grains, nuts are also good sources

Front 25

-the use of high protein supplements is not recommended b/c they have been associated with

Back 25

preterm births

Front 26

-an adequate protein intake is essential to meet increasing demands in pregnancy, such as:

the demands arise from the:

Back 26

-rapid growth of the fetus,
enlargement of uterus,
mammary glands,
placenta,
increase in maternal circulating blood volume,
formation of amniotic fluid

Front 27

Fluid
-water aids in
-a good fluid intake promotes

Back 27

-water aids in maintaining body temp
-a good fluid intake promotes regular bowel function

Front 28

Fluid
-recommended intake is

-what are 3 good sources

Back 28

8-10 glasses of fluid

water milk and fruit juices

Front 29

Fluid

-foods in the diet should supply an additional _____ml or more of fluid

Back 29

700

Front 30

Fluid

-dehydration can increase the risk of

Back 30

cramping, contractions, preterm labor

Front 31

Fluid

-caffeine, more than 300 mg daily (3 cups) may increase the risk of

Back 31

miscarriage and IUGR infants

Front 32

Nausea and vomiting

--common during what trimester?

Back 32

1st trimester

Front 33

Nausea and vomiting

what may be effective in reducing the severity of nausea

Back 33

-antiemetic meds, vitamin b6, or ginger

Front 34

Nausea and vomiting

what can you tell hte mom to eat on awakening in the morning and when nausea occurs

Back 34

dry, starchy foods (dry toast, crackers)

Front 35

Nausea and vomiting

what should you tell the mom to avoid early in the day or when nauseated

Back 35

-avoid consuming excessive amounts of fluids

Front 36

Nausea and vomiting

- what shoudl you do to AVOID distending the stomach

Back 36

eat small amounts frequently (2 to 3 hours)
-avoid lg meals

Front 37

Nausea and vomiting
-what should you avoid doing (2)

Back 37

-avoid skipping meals
-avoid sudden movements-get out of bed slowly

Front 38

Nausea and vomiting

have a snack like what?
-when?

Back 38

-have snack like cereal with milk, small sandwich, or yogurt before bedtime

Front 39

Nausea and vomiting

-eat foods are (2 things)

Back 39

cool tempers and foods that give off little aroma

Front 40

Nausea and vomiting

-avoid brushing teeth immediately after eating

true or false

Back 40

true

Front 41

Nausea and vomiting
-try what kind of foods during periods of nausea

Back 41

salty and tart

Front 42

Nausea and vomiting

-what can you tell the mom to drink to decrease nausea

Back 42

try herbal teas (raspberry or peppermint)

Front 43

Constipation
-improved bowel function results from increasing the intake of:

Back 43

- fiber (fiber helps maintain water within the stool, creating bulky stool that stimulates intestinal peristalsis)

Front 44

Constipation
--recommendation for pregnant woman for fiber is __g

Back 44

28

Front 45

Constipation
-tell me about exercise

Back 45

-making a habit of physical activity that uses large muscle groups (walking, swimming, cycling) helps stimulate bowel motility

Front 46

Pyrosis =

Back 46

-heartburn

Front 47

Pyrosis
--can be minimized by

Back 47

consumption of small frequent meals (rather than 2-3 large meals a day)

Front 48

Pyrosis
-fluids should be consumed with food

true or false

Back 48

false

-fluids further distend the stomach, they should NOT be consumed with foods

Front 49

Pyrosis
-what 3 things should the pregnant woman avoid:

Back 49

-avoid spicy foods
-avoid lying down after eating
-avoid wearing clothing that is tight across the abdomen

Front 50

Adolescent pregnancy needs

-usually have diets that provide less than the recommended intakes of key nutrients

true or false

Back 50

true

Front 51

Adolescent pregnancy needs

why is cephalopelvic disproportion and other mechanical problems associated with labor are common??

Back 51

-growth of the pelvis is delayed

Front 52

Adolescent pregnancy needs

-pregnant adolescents are told to choose a weight gain goal at the upper end of the range for their BMI

-the goal is to

Back 52

reduce the prevalence of LBW

Front 53

true or false

-adolescent pregnancy increases the woman’s risk of obesity later in life

Back 53

true

Front 54

Diet History

tell me about a multiparous women or the woman who has had frequent pregnancies (within 2 years)

Back 54

-nutritional reserves may be depleted

Front 55

Diet History

-birth of a LGA infant often indicates existence of

Back 55

maternal diabetes

Front 56

-intrauterine contraceptive devices can cause a menstrual blood loss 3-6 mo after placement, therefore, the use may have

Back 56

low iron stores or iron deficiency anemia

Front 57

lactose intolerance is of special concern because no other food group equals milk and milk products in terms of

Back 57

calcium content

Front 58

Folate (folic acid) –neural tube defects, closes in ___ month.

Back 58

1st

Front 59

Energy expenditure 1st trimester (first 12 weeks) same as pre-pregnancy

true or false

Back 59

true

Front 60

Energy needs

Carbohydrates and fats
Protein-

Back 60

Carbohydrates and fats,-no specific recommendations
Protein-synthesis of new tissues protein is increased

Front 61

What nutrients are needed in greater quantity during pregnancy?
What nutrients are needed in greater quantity during breastfeeding?
In lesser amounts?

Back 61

p. 356 –food sources

Front 62

Adequate weight gain, less likely:

Back 62

preterm/SGA

Front 63

Severely underweight =

Back 63

preterm labor and LBW

Front 64

Inadequate weight gain =

Back 64

IUGR

Front 65

Single fetus
Normal weight ___pound weight gain
Underweight ________pound weight gain
Overweight _______pound weight gain
Obese ____pound weight gain

Back 65

Single fetus
Normal weight 25-35 pound weight gain
Underweight 28-40 pound weight gain
Overweight 15-25 pound weight gain
Obese 15 pound weight gain

Front 66

Inadequate weight gain early pregnancy =

Back 66

SGA

Front 67

Inadequate weight gain in last half pregnancy =

Back 67

preterm birth

Front 68

Iron
-does it increase or stay the same?

Back 68

important for RBC & oxygen. Mom will need more b/c her blood volume increases

Front 69

Calcium
-increase or stay the same?

Back 69

1000mg/day for all women bones and teeth and we don’t want the baby to take mom’s calcium

Front 70

Sodium necessary for

Back 70

water balance

Front 71

Zinc,-inhibited absorption with (2)

Back 71

iron and folic acid so give at a different time of day

Front 72

Fat soluble vitamins –toxicity with what 2 vitamins: you have to have the right amounts.

Back 72

vit E and A

Water soluble vitamins B and Cs – need a balance

Front 73

How can a woman make sure she is getting all the vitamins she needs?

Back 73

Multivitamin –prenatal vitamin may be all they need

Front 74

When you breastfeed, you need more calories so you can eat more


true or false

Back 74

true

Front 75

A pregnant woman with a BMI of 22 asks the nurse how she should be gaining weight during pregnancy. The nurse's best response would be to tell the woman that her pattern of weight gain should be approximately:

Back 75

2 to 5 pounds in the first trimester and about 1 pound per week during the second and third trimesters.


1 kg = 2.2lb

Front 76

A pregnant woman at 7 weeks of gestation complains to her nurse-midwife about frequent episodes of nausea during the day with occasional vomiting. She asks what she can do to feel better. The nurse-midwife could suggest that the woman:

Back 76

eat a high-protein snack before going to bed

A bedtime snack of slowly digested protein is especially important to prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemia during the night, which would contribute to nausea.