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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fundal height at 12 weeks
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symphisis pubis
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What is the fundal height at 20 weeks?
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umbilicus
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What is the fundal height at 36 weeks?
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xyphoid process
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What is the fundal height at 40 weeks?
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it begins to lower from the xyphoid process...probably just under it
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What is Goodell's sign?
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when the cervix is soft
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What is Chawik's sign?
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purple cervix
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What are some changes in the cardio system of a pregnant women?
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5-10 bpm higher then usual
BP stays consistent size is slightly bigger with a shift forward and slightly to the left |
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By the 3 trimester where is the diaphragm?
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4 cm higher then usual
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UTIs and pyelonephritis is associated with...
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preterm labor
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What is Nagele's rule?
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take the first day of the women's last menstrual cycle and subtract 3 months then add a year and 7 days
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What is McDonald's rule?
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uterine fundal height in cm equals the gestational age (18-30 wks)
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Morning after emergency pill is good for hour long?
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5 days (120 hrs)
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How long is an IUD supposedly affective for?
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10 yrs.
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What drugs would decrease the affectiveness of a birth control pill?
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antibiotics & anticonvulsants
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What is usually the first sign of pregnancy?
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Amenorrhea (no bleeding)
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What type of diagnosis is bladder frequency?
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presumptive could be caused by diabetes HTN or other things
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Hegar's sign: What is it and what type of diagnosis does it provide?
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Hegar's sign is soft lower uterine segment just above the cervix
This indicated probably diagnosis |
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When do Braxton Hick's contractions typically begin?
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12 weeks and continue on (and get stronger) till pregnancy
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What is chloasma?
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the mask of pregnancy (skin pigment on face changes)
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How long does N/V last for a pregnant women?
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6-8 wks
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When can fetal heart tones be picked up on the doppler?
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6-8 weeks
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How fast should the fetal heart rate be?
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120-160 bpm
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When taking an ultrasound when can you see the embryo and the fetal parts?
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embryo- week 4
fetal parts- week 10 |
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How much weight should a pregnant mom gain? (twins/triplets)
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depends on her weight prior
if healthy and within expected BMI (19.8-26) should gain 25-35 if below 28-40 if above 15-25 twins always 35-45 triplets 50 |
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Where does all the extra weight go?
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uterus breasts amniotic fluid all are 2 lbs
baby 7-8 lbs placenta- 1-2 lbs. blood 4 lbs fat and nutrients 7lbs |
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How many calories more then the normal diet is a preg mom supposed to consume?
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300
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How much iron and folate should the mom consume?
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iron 18-30 g/day
folate 400-600 g/day (600 if preg) |
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What is folate? Where is it found and why is it important?
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folate is found in green leafy vegetables, orange juice and enriched grain products. it is vitamin b9 and plays a role in producing hemoglobin but also greatly decreases the risk of neural tube defects
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Macrosomia is...
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an overweight infant
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An infant of a mom with diabetes is not at risk for_____ although you would think he/she would be...
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hyperglycemia
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What type of hypoglycemics are contraindicated for pregnant mother's?
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oral hypoglycemics
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What is placenta previa?
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when the placenta is covering the the cervix
three stages: marginal: close partial: within 3 cms total: covers cervical os this is uncommon and painless...may cause vaginal bleeding |
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What is placenta abruptio?
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when the placenta separates from its site of implantation before delivery
can be partial (where part is still intact) or total which most often results in fetal death/hemorrhage/shock associated with trauma, cig smoking, cocaine use |
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What is the hallmark sign to differentiate between placenta abruptio and placenta previa (initial diagnosis)?
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pain is in abruptio not in previa
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What is hyperemesis gravidarum?
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sever N/V that leads to ketosis and weight loss
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How is HG diagnosed?
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urinalysis for ketones
elevated specific gravity elevated hematocrit due to increased hemoconcentration decreased Na, K, and Cl |
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What are some tx for HG?
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antiemetics, IV fluids, NPO, vit B supplement, TPN if serious
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What occurs in pregnancy induced hyertension?
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peripheral vascular resistance leads to vasoconstriction and spasms which leads to micro damage to a number of organs (kidneys, liver, brain, placenta)
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What are some risks of PIH?
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age under 20 or over 35
1st pregnancy essential HTN mulitple gestation |
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What are S&S of PIH?
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protein loss, edema, and HTN
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What is the tx for PIH?
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bedrest, seizure precautions, (mag sulfate to prevent seizures--CNS depressant)
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What is an antigen?
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an antigen is a specific protein found on a RBC A and B have specific ones O has none.
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What is the Coombs test?
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to see if mother has antibodies that have formed against Rh+ it is indicated if mother is Rh- and father is + and mother has - coombs. it turns positive when mother is negative and is exposed to positive baby and has antibodies that develop against it.
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What is RhoGHAM?
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RhoGAM prevents antibody formation
protocol is mother - father + and coombs - given at 28 weeks and then again within 2 hrs of birth |
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What is considered low birth weight?
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less than 5.5
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What is the normal infant pulse?
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120-160 beats per minute
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What is the normal amount of breaths for the new born?
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30-60
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When should vitamin K be given to a baby?
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within the first hour of life
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A tub bath should not be given to a baby until...
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the cord falls off!
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Notify doc if the cord stump on a baby remains past week...
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8
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when does the uterus cease to be palpable
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day 10-14
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What is mag sulfate?
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tocolytic which prevents uterus from involuting
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When should involution be completed by?
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6 weeks postpartum
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What is the most common type of postpartal hemmorhage?
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uterine atony (which just means failure of the uterus to contract following delivery)
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What is endometriosis?
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Uterine infection--huge cause of maternal death
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What position would you want to keep a client in if they had andometriosis?
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Fowlers; this would prevent the infection from moving up the clients tubes
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What distinguishes postpartum blues from depression?
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depression is much more serious and extends past 10 days
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What is an amniotomy?
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artificial rupture of membranes...indicated when meconium staining occurs or for cord compression etc.
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What is the defining symptom of true labor?
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cervical dilation
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Head first
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cephalic longitudinal lie (same lie for breech)
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shoulder first
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transverse lie
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Above the ischial spines is...
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negative numbers
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Are accelerations on the FHR readings good or bad?
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Accelerations: reassuring,
denotes intact fetal CNS respons |
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early decelerations
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– fetal head compression: reassuring
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late decelerations
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utero placental insufficiency
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variable decelerations
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cord compression-non reassuring
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How should the nurse respond to nonreassuring FHR patterns?
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turn the patient to her side (either left or right) d/c pitocin keep changing positions
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What is an amnioinfusion used for?
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dilute meconium stained fluid or take pressure of a cord compression situation
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What stage is the cervix 1-4 cms dilated?
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early latent phase
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In stage one:active phase, what is going on?
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5-7 cms. dilated
contractions every 3-5 mins spontaneous rupture usually occurs at this point |
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What occurs in transition phase (stage one)?
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Contractions are very intense and last 75-90 seconds it's typically the shortest phase of labor cervix is 7-10 cms.
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What is considered sage two and three of labor?
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stage 2: delivery of baby
stage 3: delivery of placenta (should take 5-20min) |
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What happens with meconium stained fluid?
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when the fetus is under stress the anal sphincter relaxes and meconium is passed into the surrounding fluid.
this-if breathed by the infant-can block the airways |
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What would you do if a cord prolapse were suspected?
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-position client in knee chest or trendelenburg
-apply gloves and then pressure to cord -prepare for emergency C/S |
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What are the 3 uterine stimulants?
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ERGOTRATE
• METHERGINE • PITOCIN (oxytocin |
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What are ergotrate and methergine used for and what possible S.E. might they cause?
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Purpose: To control or prevent postpartum
bleeding or hemorrhage Never used in labor Administered either IM or PO May cause hypertensio |
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What is the purpose of pitocin?
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Purpose:
1.Labor Induction 2. Labor augmentation 3. Control or prevent postpartum bleeding |
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What is important to remember in the administration of pitocin?
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always administer it on a pump; too powerful otherwise
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What are side effects of pitocin in labor?
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Fetal hypoxia/ fetal distress
– Rupture of the uterus – Placenta abruptio – Antidiuretic affect – Hypertension |
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What's a tocolytic antidote?
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terbutaline
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What is the fundal height at 12 weeks?
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symphisis pubis
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What is the fundal height at 20 weeks?
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at the umbilicus
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What is the fundal height at 36 weeks?
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xyphoid process
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When does the fundal height start to lower?
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at 40 weeks
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What is Goodell's sign?
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the cervix becomes softer
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How long is an IUD effective?
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10 years
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• Hypertension, generalized and rapid onset of
edema and proteinuria are all signif signs of... |
preg induced hypertension
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