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76 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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diabetes mellitus
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disorder involving carb, lipid and protien metabolism that is due to a absolute or extreemley low level of insulin
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what is a disorder involving carb, lipid and protien metabolism due to low levels of insulin
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diabetes mellitus
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Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by _________.
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hyperglycemia
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What is hyperglycemia
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aka: high blood sugar, A condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma
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What percent of cases of diabetes mellitus occur spontaneously
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90%
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T/F
Type 1 diabetes is insulin dependant |
True
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Type 1 diabetes is usually ___________ onset.
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juvenile
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T/F
Type 2 diabetes is insulin dependant |
False. Type 2 in not insulin dependant
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Type 2 diabetes is usually _________ onset
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adult
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Which type of diabetes (1 or II) is associated with obesity, adults and slow onset?
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type II
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Which type of diabetes is associated with juvinile onset, fast onset and autoimmune disease
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type 1
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What are the typical characteristics of a baby with a mother with type 1 diabestes
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LGA
macrosomic thick placenta polyhydramnios hydrops/fetalis possible 2 vessel cord |
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What are the typical characteristics of a pregnancy with type II diabetes
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SGA babies
thin placenta oligohydramnios |
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What are some maternal complications with diabetes?
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P, H, H, P, R, I, G
polyhydramnios hypertension hypoglycemia Post partum hemorrhage renal dysfunction infection GI disfunctions |
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What are some fetal complications for a mom with diabetes
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CROOSSP
congenital anomalies respiratory distress Oligo/polyhydramnios organomegaly SUA SGA/LGA placentamegaly |
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One complication of diabetes mellitus is macrosomia. What is macrosomia?
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(LGA) babies are those whose birth weight (or length, or head circumference) lies above the 90th percentile for that gestational age
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Macrosomic babies are symmetricaly or asymmetrically enlarged
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symmetrically
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What is gestational diabetes?
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diabetes that is only present in pregnancy
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What is a sign of shoulder dystocia
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turtle sign
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why is shoulder dystocia an obstetrical emergency?
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due to compression of the cord in birth canal
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What is a risk of having a macrosomial baby?
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shoulder dystocia
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Blood pressures of 140/90 and above are indicative of ....
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maternal hypertension
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what are two types of maternal hypertension?
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chronic hypertension
PIH |
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What is chronic hypertension?
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hypertension that is unrelated to pregnancy
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What is another name for chronic hypertension
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essential hypertension
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What is chronic hypertension caused by?
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maternal disease
renal disease endocrine disease |
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What does PIH stand for?
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Pregnancy induced hypertension
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When does PIH occur and disappear
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during pregnancy and after delivery
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PIH is classified into two stages. what are they?
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pre-eclampsea
eclampsea |
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What are symptoms of preeclampsea
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hypertension, protienurea and edema
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What are some symptoms of eclampsea/toxemia?
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headaches, seizures, blurred vision, coma and death
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what condition are the following complications associated with:
primagravida, multiple destations, vascular disease, and family hx |
PIH
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What are the ultrasound findings of PIH
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IUGR
oligohyperamnios small placenta fetal demise placental abruption (pair) |
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when evaluating for PIH with U/S what should be done
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serial u/s to include cord doppler
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excessive vomitting in pregnancy
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hyperemisis
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Hyperemisis may result in what conditions
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electrolyte imbalances
dehydration hospitalization w/ IV fluids |
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Any type of maternal infection may cause...
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spontaneous abortion
fetal death premature L and D |
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what is a TORCH infection
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acute infections which can cause fetal abnormalities
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TORCH stands for....
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toxoplasmosis
rubella CMV herpes/HIV Lupus |
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What is a condition caused by bacteria commonly found in cat feces and uncooked meat?
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toxoplasmosis
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What 6 things can toxoplasmosis cause?
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IUGR
microcephaly CNS calcifications thrombocytopenia jaundice hydrocephaly |
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What is another name for rubella
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german measles
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when is rubella most dangerous
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first 5 weeks of pregnancy
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what birth defects can rubella cause
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cataracts
CHD deafness MR |
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what is the most common infection in pregnancy
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CMV
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CMV can cause....
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IUGR
spontaneous ab fetal death cranial anomalies chest abnormalities abd. and cranial calcifications |
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Why is a c section performed when a person has Herpes
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becasue it can be transmitted during delivery
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Multiple organ involvment
fetal death CNS infection visceral infection eye infection/blindness can all be caused by... |
herpes
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Lupus Erythematosis
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an immune disorder that can affect almost all organ systems in the body
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lupus may cause....
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spontaneous ab
congenital heart block |
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Parvo virus
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respiratory viral infection
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congential heart block is also known as...
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AV block
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what is congenital heart block
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interferrence of transfer of electric nerve impulses that regulate normal rythmic pumping action of heart muscle
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Supine hypovolemic syndrome
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pregnant women get dizzy when supine due to decrease in pressure
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a cervix measuring less and 2.5cm before 34 weeks is known as an .....
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incompetent cervix
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What could cause a false negative result when looking for incompetent cervix
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bladder distention
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What does PROM stand for
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premature rupture of membranes
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Wht are symptoms of PROM
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oligohydramnios
watery vag discharge |
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What type of uterus is at most risk for PROM
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unicornate
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anemia
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patient presents with low hemoglobin and hematocrit
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when does a uterine rupture occur?
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usually during labor
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what are complications of uterine rupture
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shock
death or fetus or mom or both hemorrhage post op infection |
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What are 8 coexisting masses that can be found in preg.
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CL cyst
theca lutien cyst (molar preg) fibroids pelvic kid wandering ectopic spleen non gravid uterine horn (didelphic) dilated ureter fecal filled colon |
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if the fetus is < 10% for wt at any given time....
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IUGR
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T/F
IUGR is a sign that the fetus is not receiving proper nutrition |
T
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what are some maternal causes of IUGR
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poor nutrition, smoking, multiple gestation, drug abuse, TORCH infections
severe anemia, diabetes, chronic renal disease rh sensitivity, chronic asthma |
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What are some placental causes of IUGR
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placental insufficiency, placental abruption, infarcts, placental neoplasm
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Waht is a clinical sign for IUGR
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small for dates
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Immune hydrops is also known as...
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RH isoimmunization
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what are complications of uterine rupture
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shock
death or fetus or mom or both hemorrhage post op infection |
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are there signs for an impending rupture?
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no
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severe generalized massive adema often seen with fetal hydrops
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anasarca
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Non-immune hydrops
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(NIH) describs a group of conditions in which hydrops is present in teh fetus but is not a result of fetomaternal blood group imconpatibility
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overlapping of the skull bones; indicative of fetal death
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spaldings sign
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What are two types of hydrops fetalis
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immune hydrops and non immune hydrops
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What is a sign of fetal hydrops when evaluating by u/s
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extensive accumulation of fluids in teh the fetal tissues
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