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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine changes during pregnancy?
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*Pituitary = Inc 50%
*Adrenals = Inc aldosterone = Inc Na+ absorption *Thyroid = Inc 50% = Inc Thryoxine *Parathyroids = Inc PTH, mobilise Ca2+ from bones = maintain balance *Inc Cortisol = lipogenesis *Inc insulin response *ACTH |
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Respiratory changes during pregnancy?
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*Inc maternal O2 consumption (20%)
*Obstruction by foetus (red diaphragm) *Tidal volume and Resp. rate increase Hyperventilation = PaCO2 reduced |
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Weight gain
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*1/3 fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid
*1/3 = Inc breasts, uterus blood and tissue fluid *1/3 = Maternal fat stores = Breast feeding 12.5 Kg 0.5 Kg/week/20 |
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Cardiovascular changes during pregnancy?
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*Volume and Haemoglobin concentration increases
- Increased oestrogen = Inc ANG II = Inc salt retention = Inc Fluid = Inc Blood volume --Good for fetus nutrition and delivery blood loss *Inc no RBC due to Inc O2 consumption *Inc in CO=SV x HR *Dec TPR vasodilation (progesterone) *Minor changes in BP (fall if anything) |
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Renal changes during pregnancy?
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*Inc BV and Inc CO = Inc Renal Blod flow
*Inc secretory load = Inc urinary output *Inc Glomerular filtration rate *Kidneys increase in length and ureters become longer and more curved *Bladder SMCs relaxed Progesterone = salt losing (early) Oestrogen = salt gaining (Mid-late) |
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Gastrointestinal changes during pregnancy?
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*Inc appetite
*Progesterone relaxes lower oesphageal sphincter = Inc reflux = heartburn *Gut motility slowed down to increase nutrient absorption = constipation *Gall stones *Spongy gums |
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Uterine and skeletal changes during pregnancy?
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Myometrial cells become hyperpolarised
Resting membrane potentials depolarised = contractions Myometrium becomes contractile 2 weeks befoe term Cervix swollen and soft (oestrogen) |
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Hormones change?
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*Human Chorionic Gonadotropin = From STB, stops menstruation, seen in early pregnancy
*Placental lactogen = Decrease insulin sensitivty = inc Plasma Glucose = Inc amount available for fetus Also releases FFA's for mothers metabolic needs *Progesterone = From STB = Uterine growth and thickening = Implantation = Salt excretion = Lactating breasts = Progesterone = Immunosuppresant = Maternal weight gain = Suppress myometrium contraction Oestrogen = Uterus growth = Early embryo growth = Lactating breasts = Relax pelvic wall = Softens cervix |
