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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does the word Ceramic come from? |
It comes from “Keramos” which is Greek for pottery. |
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How were the early forms of ceramics formed? |
They were formed by the heat treatment of clay. |
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What are some early forms of ceramics? |
- Kaolinite clay (after firing above 1000 degrees Celsius from porcelain and ceramic) - Earthenware - Stoneware - Bone China |
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What are some general properties of ceramics? |
- inorganic, nonmetallic solid - low elasticity compared to metals - low electrical conductivity - used in power transmission - low heat conductivity - used in power transmissions - high strength, hardness and melting point - chemically resistant - crystallinity varies from crystalline (quartz) to semi crystalline to amorphous (glass) |
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What are some examples and functions of ceramics? |
- oxides (silicon oxide used in glass) - nitrides (silicon nitride used in bearing surfaces - wear resistant) - carbides (silicon carbides, grinding disks, angle grinders - very hard material) |
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What is the structure of crystalline quartz? |
The constituent atoms are stacked together in a regular, repeating pattern. |
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What is glass? |
Glass is amorphous and its structure is random. |
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What are some properties of glass? |
- inorganic, nonmetallic solid - metal, nonmetal or metalloid atoms primarily held in ionic and covalent bonds - brittle, high melting point, poor conductor, chemically resistant, waterproof - it is not a crystal - it is amorphous (structure is random) - it is inherently unstable so will crystallize with time (called vitrification) - melts at 1713 degrees C - very high - with heat, it gets no more than 1000 degrees C
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What is vitrification? |
It means it is unstable but will crystallize with time. |
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What are some forms of glass? |
Oxides, Borides, Polymers, even Metals |
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What is vitrification? |
It means it is unstable but will crystallize with time. |
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What are some forms of glass? |
Oxides, Borides, Polymers, even Metals |
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What are most common glasses based on? |
They are based on 72% wt. silica: SiO2 There is also sodium oxide and calcium oxide. |
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What is the earliest forms of glass? |
Obsidian - volcanic glass - didn’t need a fire - used for spear points or sharp knives |
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What is the earliest forms of glass? |
Obsidian - volcanic glass - didn’t need a fire - used for spear points or sharp knives |
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What was made by using Nile sediment? |
Faience which contains Natron (NaCO3) |
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What is the earliest forms of glass? |
Obsidian - volcanic glass - didn’t need a fire - used for spear points or sharp knives |
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What was made by using Nile sediment? |
Faience which contains Natron (NaCO3) |
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How did Soda Lime get its name? |
Lime was added to sodium silicate and they called it soda lime glass. |
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What is the earliest forms of glass? |
Obsidian - volcanic glass - didn’t need a fire - used for spear points or sharp knives |
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What was made by using Nile sediment? |
Faience which contains Natron (NaCO3) |
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How did Soda Lime get its name? |
Lime was added to sodium silicate and they called it soda lime glass. |
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What are used to change the color of glass? |
Blue - cobalt Red - metallic gold and metallic copper Yellow - silver nitrate, uranium Purple - manganese, nickel White - tin oxide with antimony or arsenic oxides |
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What is the earliest forms of glass? |
Obsidian - volcanic glass - didn’t need a fire - used for spear points or sharp knives |
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What was made by using Nile sediment? |
Faience which contains Natron (NaCO3) |
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How did Soda Lime get its name? |
Lime was added to sodium silicate and they called it soda lime glass. |
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What are used to change the color of glass? |
Blue - cobalt Red - metallic gold and metallic copper Yellow - silver nitrate, uranium Purple - manganese, nickel White - tin oxide with antimony or arsenic oxides |
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What are some additives put in glass? |
Na2CO3 (Natron or Soda Ash): network modifier CaO (lime): network MnO2: masks the green color from |
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How is most flat glass manufactured today? |
Float glass |
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What are some additives put in glass? |
Na2CO3 (Natron or Soda Ash): network modifier CaO (lime): network MnO2: masks the green color from iron Antimony: makes colorless PbO (leaded glass): high dispersion crystal B2O3 (Pyrex): low thermal expansion Al2O3: fiberglass ThO2: low dispersion lenses; radioactive so no longer used La2O3: rare earth glass for cameras and telescopes |
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What is one of the toughest glass on the market? |
Gorilla glass |
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What is one of the toughest glass on the market? |
Gorilla glass |
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Which glass revolutionized communications? |
Fiber optics |
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What is one of the toughest glass on the market? |
Gorilla glass |
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Which glass revolutionized communications? |
Fiber optics |
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What are the major raw materials for glass? |
Sand, limestone, and sodium bicarbonate |
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What is one of the toughest glass on the market? |
Gorilla glass |
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Which glass revolutionized communications? |
Fiber optics |
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What are the major raw materials for glass? |
Sand, limestone, and sodium bicarbonate |
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What are the pollution problems of glass? |
- mirror glass manufacturing generates acidic waste with concentrations of copper or lead - there is little recycling of flat glass. Most goes to landfills. |
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What is one of the toughest glass on the market? |
Gorilla glass |
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Which glass revolutionized communications? |
Fiber optics |
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What are the major raw materials for glass? |
Sand, limestone, and sodium bicarbonate |
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What are the pollution problems of glass? |
- mirror glass manufacturing generates acidic waste with concentrations of copper or lead - there is little recycling of flat glass. Most goes to landfills. |
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What are some uses for waste glass? |
Asphalt Concrete Construction backfill Roofing shingles Ceramic tiles |
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How can ceramics be formed? |
They can be formed by: - fusion casting which is like metal casting - slip casting - sintering - hot isostatic pressing |
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How can ceramics be formed? |
They can be formed by: - fusion casting which is like metal casting - slip casting - sintering - hot isostatic pressing |
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What are the chemical divisions of glass? |
- silicates - nonsilicates |
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How can ceramics be formed? |
They can be formed by: - fusion casting which is like metal casting - slip casting - sintering - hot isostatic pressing |
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What are the chemical divisions of glass? |
- silicates - nonsilicates |
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In glass forming, what do you have to carefully control? |
The viscosity of the supercooled liquids. |
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How can ceramics be formed? |
They can be formed by: - fusion casting which is like metal casting - slip casting - sintering - hot isostatic pressing |
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What are the chemical divisions of glass? |
- silicates - nonsilicates |
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In glass forming, what do you have to carefully control? |
The viscosity of the supercooled liquids. |
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What are glass ceramics? |
They are another type of crystalline ceramics that are initially formed as glasses and then crystallized in a carefully controlled way. They require an additional step of controlled devitrification to form a fine grained, fully crystalline product. |
