Mater Dei Academy Eighth Grade Science Final

Front 1

observation

Back 1

using our 5 senses

Front 2

inference

Back 2

explanation to the observation

Front 3

manipulated variable

Back 3

the one factor that a scientists changes during an experiment; also called independent variable

Front 4

responding variable

Back 4

the factor that changes as a result of change to the manipulated variable in an experiment; also called the dependent variable

Front 5

data

Back 5

facts, figures and other evidence gathered through observations

Front 6

interpreted data

Back 6

understanding the data you have collected

Front 7

scientific theory

Back 7

a cell-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations

Front 8

stimulus

Back 8

a change in an organism's surroundings, causing it to react

Front 9

response

Back 9

an action off change in behavior that occurs in reaction to a stimulus

Front 10

spontaneous generation

Back 10

the mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving things

Front 11

plant cells

Back 11

identified by chloroplast

Front 12

animal cells

Back 12

identified by golgi body, mitochondria, and cytoplasm

Front 13

cytoplasm

Back 13

the material within a cell apart from the nucleus and other organelles

Front 14

cell wall

Back 14

a rigid layer on nonliving material that surrounds plant cells and cells of some other organisms

Front 15

cell membrane

Back 15

the outside cell boundary that controls which substances can enter and leave the cell

Front 16

ribosome

Back 16

a small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of the cell where proteins are made

Front 17

chloroplast

Back 17

a structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and produces food

Front 18

homeostasis

Back 18

the maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism

Front 19

photosynthesis

Back 19

the process by which some organisms use water, sunlight and CO2 to make their own food

Front 20

interphase

Back 20

the stage of the cell cycle that takes place before the cell division occurs

Front 21

cytokinesis

Back 21

dinal stage of the cell cycle, the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells

Front 22

phenotype

Back 22

physical appearance

Front 23

genotype

Back 23

genetic makeup

Front 24

dominant traits

Back 24

one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Front 25

recessive allele

Back 25

hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

Front 26

codominant

Back 26

a set of alleles which are both dominant and exhibit themselves phenotypically

Front 27

heterozygous

Back 27

an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait

Front 28

homozygous

Back 28

an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait

Front 29

meiosis

Back 29

the process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells--sperm and eggs

Front 30

carrier

Back 30

a person who had one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele

Front 31

skeletal system

Back 31

protects and supports the body

Front 32

joint

Back 32

a place in the body where two bones come together

Front 33

ball-and-socket joint

Back 33

allows you to swing a limb freely in a circle

Front 34

spongy bone

Back 34

has many small spaces within it

Front 35

tendon

Back 35

a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Front 36

wpidermis

Back 36

the outer layer of the skin

Front 37

pores

Back 37

openings that allow perspiration produced in the sweat glands to come through

Front 38

enzyme

Back 38

a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing

Front 39

glucose

Back 39

the major source of energy for your body's cells

Front 40

vessels of the circulatory system

Back 40

arteries, veins and capillaries

Front 41

path of blood

Back 41

when blood flows into the right atrium is has little oxygen, then the blood goes to the right ventricle, which pumps the blood into the arteries

Front 42

fibrin

Back 42

the protein that is released when the platelets release chemicals that start a chain reaction

Front 43

hypertension

Back 43

a disorder in which a person's blood pressure is consistently higher than normal, also called high blood pressure

Front 44

plasma makeup

Back 44

the liquid part of blood

Front 45

pacemaker

Back 45

sends out signals that make the heart muscle contract

Front 46

lymphatic system

Back 46

a network of vein-like vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream

Front 47

pathogens

Back 47

organism that causes disease

Front 48

kinds of pathogens

Back 48

bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists

Front 49

phagocyte

Back 49

white blood cells that engulf pathogens and destroys them by breaking them down

Front 50

T cells

Back 50

identify pathogens and distinguishes one kind of pathogen from one another

Front 51

HIV

Back 51

human immunodeficiency virus

Front 52

axon

Back 52

a threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body

Front 53

nucleus

Back 53

the control center that directs the cell's activities and contains the information that determines the cell's form and function

Front 54

dendrite

Back 54

carry impulses toward the neuron's cell body

Front 55

synapses

Back 55

the junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to another structure

Front 56

allergen

Back 56

a foreign substance a person is overly sensitive to

Front 57

insulin

Back 57

chemical whose deficiency is evident in people with diabetes

Front 58

neuron

Back 58

cell that carries information through the nervous system

Front 59

cochlea

Back 59

a snail-shaped tube that is lined with receptor cells that respond to a sound

Front 60

right half of cerebrum

Back 60

responsible for creative thinking

Front 61

brain stem

Back 61

used for regulating breathing

Front 62

concussion

Back 62

bruise-like injury of the brain

Front 63

nerve

Back 63

bundle of nerve fibers

Front 64

semicircular canals

Back 64

responsible for your sense of balance

Front 65

placenta

Back 65

link between developing embryo and mother

Front 66

saliva and sweat

Back 66

chemical product of endocrine gland

Front 67

hypothalamus

Back 67

the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Front 68

vagina

Back 68

muscular passageway leading to outside of the female bodyv

Front 69

uterus

Back 69

also known as womb

Front 70

egg

Back 70

female sex cells

Front 71

sperm

Back 71

male sex cells

Front 72

9-15 y.o.a.

Back 72

puberty occurs during this time