Matching Exercise-Derived Ocular Physiology

Front 1

Which mucins are the anchoring type?

Back 1

MUC1, MUC4, MUC16

Front 2

What is MUC5AC?

Back 2

The most common--Lubricating Muscin.

Front 3

Secretion of the aqueous layer via what cells?

Back 3

Pyramidal cells.

Front 4

Sympathetic supply to lacrimal via:

Back 4

Deep Petrosal Nerve.

Front 5

I say "The Greater Superficial Petrosal Nerve," you say:

Back 5

Parasympathetic supply to the lacrimal gland.

Front 6

List afferent pathways to the lacrimal gland (6 kinds)

Back 6

Trigeminal nerve, Optic nerve, CN VII (Facial), CN IX & X, Cortex, and Hypothalamus

Front 7

cAMP is a ____.

Back 7

Second Messenger

Front 8

Protein kinase C accomplishes ____.

Back 8

Phosphorylation of enzymes

Front 9

List 3 factors leading to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase:

Back 9

VIP, aphla MSH, ACTH

Front 10

What is the function of an Na/K-ATPase?

Back 10

Pumps sodium OUT of secretory cells.

Front 11

What is the thickness of the lipid layer?

Back 11

0.1 um

Front 12

What is the thickness of the aqueous layer?

Back 12

5 um

Front 13

What is the thickness of the muscin layer?

Back 13

1 um

Front 14

What is a typical value for tear osmolarity?

Back 14

318 mOsm/kg

Front 15

What is a typical value for tear tonicity?

Back 15

0.97% NaCl

Front 16

What change in tear tonicity results following adaptiation to rigid CLs?

Back 16

Tears become Hypertonic (decreased production, increased osmolarity, mechanical tear film breakup, etc.)

Front 17

What cange in tear tonicity occurs during adaptation to rigid CLs?

Back 17

Hypotonicity of the tears (reflex tearing, overproduction, etc.)

Front 18

What change occurs in tear osmolarity in postmenepausal women?

Back 18

Tear osmolarity increases (dry eye due to decreased lacrimal gland secretion)

Front 19

Is the pH of infant tears higher or lower than adults?

Back 19

Lower pH: Their eyes haven't been opened much.

Front 20

Approximate the refractive index of tears:

Back 20

1.33698

Front 21

What does BUT stand for?

Back 21

Break Up Time

Front 22

What is a normal result from a Schirmer Test?

Back 22

> 10 mm in 5 min.

Front 23

Having > 350 interpalpebral goblet cells/mm^2 would be found by a ____ test?

Back 23

Impression Cytology

Front 24

Non Invasive Break Up Time (NIBUT) > or < than BUT?

Back 24

NIBUT > BUT (nothing artificial interfering with layer, or possibly longer detection time)

Front 25

What does the Jones Test I check for?

Back 25

Appearance of fluorescein dye

Front 26

What is the normal height of the tear meniscus?

Back 26

> 0.3 mm

Front 27

This would be graded on a scale of 0-3 (0 or 1 is normal):

Back 27

Fluorescein dye disappearance test

Front 28

Pseudoepiphora is a:

Back 28

Hypersecretion of tears problem

Front 29

Meibomian gland dysfunction is a:

Back 29

Lipid layer abnormality

Front 30

Less than 10 mm traveled in 15 seconds would be an abnormal reading from a:

Back 30

Phenol Red thread test

Front 31

What does KCS stand for?

Back 31

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca [Desiccation] as seen in Sjogren's Syndrome.

Front 32

Meibomian gland dysfunction is a:

Back 32

Lipid layer abnormality

Front 33

Less than 10 mm traveled in 15 seconds would be an abnormal reading from a:

Back 33

Phenol Red thread test

Front 34

Define Madarosis

Back 34

Partial loss of eyelashes

Front 35

Blockage of Meibomian glands:

Back 35

Meibomian gland dysfunction

Front 36

Inversion of eyelid margin:

Back 36

Entropion

Front 37

What is an external hordeolum

Back 37

Inflammation of an eyelash follicle (aka a stye)

Front 38

What do you call a chronic granuloma of a Meibomian gland?

Back 38

Chalazion

Front 39

What do you call inflammation of the eyelid margin?

Back 39

Belpharitis

Front 40

Define Ectropion:

Back 40

Outward turning of the eylid margin.

Front 41

Define Demodicosis:

Back 41

Lid infestation with mites.

Front 42

What do you call it when someone has no eyelashes?

Back 42

Alopecia

Front 43

What is an acute inflammation of a Meibomian Gland?

Back 43

Internal Hordeolum

Front 44

How does one measure polymegathism?

Back 44

Use the coefficient of variation.

Front 45

What is the origin of the keratocyte endothelium?

Back 45

Neural crest

Front 46

What is the origin of the corneal epithelium?

Back 46

Surface ectoderm

Front 47

What is the mean central corneal thickness?

Back 47

536 um

Front 48

What effect does dry eye have on corneal thickness?

Back 48

Dry eye decreases corneal thickness

Front 49

What is the radius of curvature for the cornea?

Back 49

7.8mm

Front 50

Radius of curvature for the sclera?

Back 50

12mm

Front 51

Where is glycogen stored in the eye?

Back 51

Glycogen is stored in surface epithelium

Front 52

What takes place in the basal epithelium?

Back 52

Mitosis.

Front 53

"Scattering is reduced by destructive interference" is ____ ____ ____?

Back 53

Maurice's lattice theory

Front 54

Is the relationship between stromal thickness/hydration linear or exponential?

Back 54

Linear

Front 55

Is the relationship between swelling pressure and hydration linear or exponential?

Back 55

Exponential

Front 56

What sort of junctions are between keratocytes?

Back 56

Gap junctions

Front 57

What sort of junctions are between surface epithelial cells?

Back 57

Zonular occludens

Front 58

What kind of junctions are between endothelial cells?

Back 58

Maculae occludens.

Front 59

What's the minimum oxygen tension needed to get 4% edema with an extended wear CL?

Back 59

17.90%

Front 60

What's the minimum oxygen tension used with daily wear CLs?

Back 60

9.90%

Front 61

What is 12R-HETE

Back 61

An arachidonate metabolite

Front 62

What would stromal pH be after wearing a hydrogel CL?

Back 62

7.15

Front 63

What % of the air is made up of oxygen?

Back 63

21%

Front 64

What is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?

Back 64

559 mmHg

Front 65

What is the partial pressure of oxygen under a closed eyelid?

Back 65

57 mmHg

Front 66

What reduction in oxygen uptake rate is seen with a long-term extended wear CL?

Back 66

15% reduction

Front 67

Dk is permeability or transmissibility?

Back 67

Permeability

Front 68

Dk/t is permeability or transmissibility?

Back 68

Transmissibility

Front 69

What is the stroma pH of a normal open eye?

Back 69

7.55

Front 70

What is the intramuscular circle formed by?

Back 70

The perforating branch of the anterior ciliary arteries

Front 71

Where is the Major Arterial Cricle of the Iris located?

Back 71

At the iris root.

Front 72

Branches of the anterior ciliary arteries on the surface of the sclera gives rise to ____?

Back 72

The episcleral arterial circle

Front 73

Where is the minor arterial circle of the iris located?

Back 73

At the collarette of the iris.

Front 74

What does the superficial marginal plexus give rise to?

Back 74

Peripheral corneal arcades and recurrent conjunctival vessels.

Front 75

What forms the choriocapillaris (choroid)?

Back 75

Sort posterior ciliary arteries.

Front 76

Where are the plexi from the central retinal artery located?

Back 76

The nerve fiber layer and inner nuclear layer of the retina.

Front 77

The circle of Zinn supplies ____?

Back 77

Portions of the optic nerve.

Front 78

What ion exists in greater concentration within the aqueous (compared to plasma)?

Back 78

Chloride

Front 79

Proteins are in lower concentration in the ____ than the plasma?

Back 79

There aren't any proteins in the aqueous.

Front 80

What antioxidant increases sodium transport in the ciliary epithelia?

Back 80

Ascorbic acid.

Front 81

What is the location of the minor circle of the iris?

Back 81

Collarette

Front 82

What layer of the iris is responsible for iris color?

Back 82

Anterior boarder layer.

Front 83

Zonula occludens are found in what layer of the iris?

Back 83

Posterior pigment epithelium

Front 84

How would you define an iris process?

Back 84

A modification of the uveal meshwork that bridges the anterior chamber angle

Front 85

What's the predominant GAG in the juxtacanalicular tissue in normals?

Back 85

Hyaluronic acid.

Front 86

Elevated levels of ____ are found in some patients with POAG (and in steroid-induced glaucoma)?

Back 86

TIGR protein (myocilin)

Front 87

AQP1 might influence outflow facility by reducing ____?

Back 87

Trabecular meshwork cell volume.

Front 88

What gene stimulates apoptosis in ganglion cells?

Back 88

bax, bad

Front 89

What's the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of the retina?

Back 89

Glutamate

Front 90

What's BDNF

Back 90

Bone Derived Neurotrophic Factor: required for normal physiological functioning of ganglion cells

Front 91

What's a receptor involved in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity?

Back 91

NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)

Front 92

Astrocytes store ____ and take up ____ & ____?

Back 92

Astrocytes store glycogen, and take up neurotransmitters & ions.

Front 93

Cholinergic agonists cause ____ in the CB and ____ trabecular outflow?

Back 93

Cholinergic agonists cause muscle contraction in the CB and increased trabecular outflow

Front 94

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists ____ aqueous secretion & ____?

Back 94

Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists reduce aqueous secretion & the blood-aqueous barrier.

Front 95

How do CAIs affect the NPE & PE?

Back 95

Reduced loading of NPE and PE with sodium & chloride

Front 96

What are prostaglandins used for?

Back 96

Increased uveoscleral outflow.

Front 97

Beta 2 adrenergic antagonists (CAMP pathway) affect NKCC transporters how?

Back 97

Reduced NKCC cotransport (agonists increase outflow).

Front 98

Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists cause ____?

Back 98

Mydriasis.

Front 99

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists cause ____?

Back 99

Reduction in accommodation.

Front 100

Cytoskeletal agents affect a ____?

Back 100

Trabecular endothelial cell shape change.

Front 101

NMDA receptor antagonists are used for ____?

Back 101

Neuroprotection.