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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ECF [Na]
ICF [Na] |
140mM
5mM |
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ECF [K]
ICF [K] |
4mM
145mM |
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Uric acid comes from ____ acid
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nucleic
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PTH regulates plasma calcium concentration through three main effects:
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(1) by stimulating bone resorption; (2) by stimulating activation of vitamin D, which then increases intestinal reabsorption of calcium; and (3) by directly increasing renal tubular calcium reabsorption
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The kidneys synthesize glucose from amino acids and other precursors during prolonged fasting, a process referred to as _______.
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gluconeogenesis
The kidneys’ capacity to add glucose to the blood during prolonged periods of fasting rivals that of the liver. |
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Prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGI2) and Bradykinin Tend to Increase ____
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GFR
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Under stressful conditions, such as volume depletion or after surgery, the administration of NSAIDS, such as aspirin, that inhibit prostaglandin synthesis may affect GFR how?
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cause significant reductions in GFR.
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A vasoconstrictor peptide that can be released by damaged vascular endothelial cells of the kidneys
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endothelin
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Does Angiotensin II increse GFR?
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It helps prevent decreases in GFR. (semantic)
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The tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism has two components that act together to control GFR:
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(1) an afferent arteriolar feedback mechanism and
(2) an efferent arteriolar feedback mechanism |
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Hyperproteinemia and hyperglysemia, separately, cause the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism to kick-in how?
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more amino acids or glucose cause more Na to be reabsorbed proximal tubule
less Na is delivered to macula densa |
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Describe Myogenic Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow and GFR
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Higher pressure stretches SMCs-->
Ca moves into SMCs from ECF --> SMCs contract |
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vasoactive substances that are released in the kidneys and act locally)
start with an "a" |
autacoids
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In an average 70-kilogram man, the combined blood flow through both kidneys is about ___ ml/min,
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1100
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What causes glomerular capillary colloid osmotic pressure, pi_G, to increase?
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decr renal blood flow
increased plasma proteins |
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3 ways to decrease glomerular hydrostatic pressure
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1- incr afferent arteriole resistance
2- decr efferent arteriole resistance 3- decr systematic arterial pressure |
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What increases afferent arteriole resistance?
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sympathetic activity and
vasoconstrictor hormones |
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The renal plasma flow (RPF) is calculated by calculating the clearance of what chemical?
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PAH
underestimates true RPF by 10% |
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What is net filtration pressure?
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the sum of the hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces across the glomerular membrane
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the colloid osmotic pressure of the proteins in Bowman’s capsule (πB) = ?
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0
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Because total GFR for both kidneys is about 125 ml/ min and the net filtration pressure is 10 mm Hg, the normal Kf is calculated to be about _____ ml/min/mm Hg of filtration pressure
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12.5
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In certain kidney diseases, the negative charges on the basement membrane are lost even before there are noticeable changes in kidney histology, a condition referred to as minimal change ________.
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nephropathy
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