Matayoshi 10-11-07

Front 1

Glomerulotubular balance – reabsorption matched GFR within limits.
Mostly occurs in the ____ tubule

Back 1

proximal

Front 2

glomerulotubular balance refers to the fact that the total rate of reabsorption increases as the filtered load increases, even though the percentage of GFR reabsorbed in the proximal tubule remains relatively constant at about ___ %.

Back 2

65

Front 3

Glomerulotubular balance acts as a second line of defense to buffer the effects of spontaneous changes in GFR on urine output. (The first line of defense is what?)

Back 3

includes the renal autoregulatory mechanisms, especially tubuloglomerular feedback, which help prevent changes in GFR

Front 4

Peritubular Capillary net Reabsorption pressure is what?

Back 4

10 mmHg


Pc = 13 out
Pic = 32 in
Pif = 6 in
Piif= 15 out
-13 + 32 + 6 - 15

Front 5

Peritubular Capillary Reabsorption: what is K constant?

Back 5

12.4 ml/min/mmHg

Front 6

The normal rate of peritubular capillary reabsorption is about ___ ml/min.

Back 6

124

Front 7

Because the peritubular capillary reabsorption rate is normally about 124 ml/min and net reabsorption pressure is 10 mm Hg, Kf normally is about ____ ml/min/mm Hg.

Back 7

12.4

Front 8

Because filtration fraction is defined as the ratio of GFR/renal plasma flow, increased filtration fraction can occur as a result of increased GFR or decreased ____.

Back 8

renal plasma flow

Front 9

Increased Arterial Pressure Decreases Na+ Reabsorption. this is known as Pressure ____

Back 9

Natriuresis

Front 10

Increased peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure: what is the effect on renin and aldosterone.

What about prostaglandins and EDRF

Back 10

Decreased renin and aldosterone

Increased release of intrarenal natriuretic factors
- prostaglandins
- EDRF

Front 11

The primary site of aldosterone action is on the _____

Back 11

principal cells of the cortical collecting tubule

Front 12

ANF's effect on NaCl reabsorption

Back 12

decreases it

Front 13

The mechanism by which aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption while at the same time increasing potassium secretion is by ______

Back 13

stimulating the Na-K ATPase pump on the basolateral side of the cortical collecting tubule membrane
Also, Na permeability of lumen is incr

Front 14

Aldosterone increases H+ secretion from what cells?

Back 14

Intercalated

Front 15

Excess aldosterone disease

Back 15

Conn's syndrome

Na+ retention, hypokalemia, alkalosis, hypertension

Front 16

Aldosterone deficiency disease

Back 16

Addison’s disease
Na+ wasting, hyperkalemia, hypotension

Front 17

Factors that increase aldosterone secretion

Back 17

Angiotensin II
Increased K+
adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
(permissive role )

Front 18

Factors that decrease aldosterone secretion

Back 18

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
Increased Na+ concentration (osmolality)

Front 19

Angiotensin II directly stimulates sodium reabsorption where?

Back 19

in the proximal tubules, the loops of Henle, the distal tubules, and the collecting tubules

Front 20

ADH binds to specific __ receptors in the late distal tubules, collecting tubules, and collecting ducts, increasing the formation of ________ and activating protein kinases

Back 20

V2



cyclic AMP

Front 21

Angiotensin II increases tubular Na reabsorption and ______ intracellular cAMP

Back 21

decreases

Front 22

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Secreted by _____

Back 22

posterior pituitary

Front 23

receptors that cause posterior pituitary to release ADH

Back 23

osmoreceptors-

Front 24

increasing the formation of cyclic AMP and activating protein kinases stimulates the movement of an intracellular protein, called _____ to the luminal side of the cell membranes.

Back 24

aquaporin-2 (AQP-2),

Front 25

Disease characterized by insufficient ADH

Back 25

"Central” Diabetes insipidus


increased plasma osmolarity, hypernatremia, excess thirst

Front 26

Disease characterized by excess ADH

Back 26

Inappropriate ADH syndrome
- decreased plasma osmolarity, hyponatremia

Front 27

"What does Diabetes refer to?"

Back 27

urine production

"It doesn't have anything to do with sugar at all" --Matayoshi

Front 28

How does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Increase Na+ Excretion

Back 28

directly inhibits Na+ reabsorption

inhibits renin release and aldosterone formation

increases GFR

Front 29

Parathyroid Hormone Increases Renal Ca++ Reabsorption and does what with phosphate?

Back 29

decreases phosphate reabsorption

Front 30

Parathyroid Hormone Increases Renal Ca++ Reabsorption and does what with vitamin D3?

Back 30

activates it

Front 31

_______ is a general concept that describes the rate at which substances are removed from the plasma

Back 31

Clearance

Front 32

__________ is the volume of plasma COMPLETELY cleared of a substance per min by the kidneys

Back 32

Renal clearance of a substance

Front 33

PTH – increases Ca++ reabsorption in thick limb of Henle and distal tubule

What does it do to Mg?

Back 33

Stimulates magnesium reabsorption

Front 34

Clearance formula

Back 34

C = (U/P)*V


U is urine conc of x
P is plasma conc of x
V is flow rate

Front 35

Clearance of inulin = what?

Back 35

GFR

Front 36

Things that don't have transport maximums

Back 36

Na and H2O

Front 37

What substance's clearance is used to find estimate renal plasma flow (ERPF)

Back 37

PAH

Front 38

So you calculate RPF. How can you find RBF using Hct?

Back 38

RPF/(1-Hct) = RBF


(frac of plasma) * RBF = RPF

Front 39

Inulin clearance normally is ____ml/min

Back 39

125 ml/min