Mastering Healthcare Terminology Skeletal System Words

Front 1

Questions

Back 1

Answers

Front 2

Appendicular skeleton

Back 2

Consists of Shoulder bones, collar bones, pelvic bones, arms and legs

Front 3

Upper Appendicular

Back 3

consists of Shoulder Girdle which includes: Scapula (shoulderblade), the Acromion process (lateral protrusion of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder), and the Clavicle (collarbone), AND the Upper Extremities (arm) which include the: Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Olecranon (elbow), Carpal, Metacarpal and Phalanx

Front 4

Lower Appendicular

Back 4

Pelvis and Lower Extremities: Pelvic bones (pelvic girdle) is the Ilium (superior and widest bone of the pelvis), Ischium (lower portion of the pelvic bone), Pubis or Pubic bone (lower anterior part of the pelvic bone). Lower Extremities (leg) include: Femur (thighbone), Patella (kneecap), Tibia (shin), Fibula (smaller , lateral bone), Malleolus (process on the distal ends of the Tibia and Fibula), Tarsal (one of seven bones of the ankle, hindfoot and midfoot), Metatarsal (one of five foot bones between tarsals and phalanges), Phalanx (one of 14 toe parts, two in the great toe and three in each of the other four toes)

Front 5

Axil Skeleton

Back 5

consists of the Skull, Rib Cage and Spine

Front 7

arthrocentesis

Back 7

Surgical puncture and aspiration of a joint to obtain synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes

Front 8

arthroplasty

Back 8

A surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint to restore mobility

Hint 8

None

Front 9

arthroscopy

Back 9

Examination of the interior of a joint by insertion of an arthroscope through an incision

Front 10

Bone depression

Back 10

Any groove, opening or hollow space is a depression hey provide an entrance and exit for vessels and protection for the organs they hold: Fissure, Foramen, Fossa, Sinus, Sulcus

Front 11

Bone process

Back 11

Raised or projected areas are called processes. Often areas of attachment for ligaments or tendons: Condyle, Crest, Epicondyle, Head, Spine, Trochanter, Tubercle, Tuberosity

Front 12

bones store the minerals

Back 12

calcium [Ca] and Phosphorus [P]

Front 13

Bursa

Back 13

Sacs of fluid that are located between the bones of the joints and the tendons that hold the muscles in place . Help cushion the joints when they move.

Front 14

Calcaneus

Back 14

"large bone making up the heel of the human foot is categorized as an irregular bone. It is also known as the heel bone.

Front 15

Cartilage

Back 15

Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. It is composed of collagenous fibers and/or elastin fibers, and cells called chondrocytes, all of which are embedded in a firm gel-like ground substance called the matrix. Cartilage is avascular (contains no blood vessels) and nutrients are diffused through the matrix. Cartilage serves several functions, including providing a framework upon which bone deposition can begin and supplying smooth surfaces for the movement of articulating bones. Cartilage is found in many places in the body including the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes and between intervertebral discs. There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage.

Front 16

Dislocation

Back 16

A bone that is completely out of its place in a joint

Front 17

Fascia

Back 17

The tough fibrous covering of muscles ( and some nerves and blood vessels)

Front 18

hematopoiesis

Back 18

The continual formation of blood by the bones

Front 19

Joint

Back 19

Joint or Articulations, are the parts of the body where two or more bones of the skeleton join. Joints provide range of motion (ROM). Examples are knee, which joins the tibia and the femur. Elbow, joins the humerus with the radius and ulna.

Front 20

Ligament

Back 20

Fibrous bands of tissue. Bones are attached to Bones by Ligaments.

Front 21

Ligaments

Back 21

Fibrous bands called Ligaments. Bones are connected to Bones by ligaments

Front 22

matrix

Back 22

Material between bone cells that stores Calcium [Ca] and Phosphorus [P]

Front 23

Muscles are attached to bones by:

Back 23

Bands of tissue called Tendons

Front 24

Musculoskeletal System

Back 24

Consists of three interrelated parts: bones, articulations (joints), and muscles

Front 25

Osteoblasts

Back 25

Cells that build bone

Front 26

Osteoclasts

Back 26

Cells that breakdown bone

Front 27

Osteocytes

Back 27

Mature bone cells

Front 28

Prosthesis

Back 28

An artificial body part that is constructed to replace missinf limbs, eyes, and other body parts (pl. prostheses)

Front 29

Range of motion (ROM)

Back 29

The range through which a joint can be extended and flexed. Different joints have different ROM. Synarthroses - No ROM are immovable joints joined together by fibrous cartilaginous tissue. Example: the suture lines of the skull. Amphiarthroses - Limited ROM- joints joined together by cartilage that are slightly moveable. Example: vertebrae of the spine or pubic bones. Diarthroses - Full ROM or also called synovial joints. joints have free movement. Examples: ball-and-socket joint (hip) and hinge joints (knees). Other examples include the elbows, wrists, shoulders, and ankles. Most complex of the joints. Many have bursae (singular bursa). These joints also have joint capsules that enclose the ends of the bones, a synovial membrane that lines the joint capsule and secretes fluid to lubricate the joint, articular cartilage that covers and protects the bone.

Front 30

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 30

Inflammatory joint disease believed to be autoimmune in nature; occurs in a much younger population (ages 20-45)

Front 31

Scoliosis

Back 31

Lateral S curve of the spine that can cause an individual lose inches in height

Front 32

Spinal stenosis

Back 32

Abnormal condition of narrowing of the spinal canal with attendant pain, sometimes caused by osteoarthritis or spondylolisthesis

Front 33

Sprain

Back 33

a traumatic injury to a joint involving the soft tissue; muscles, ligaments and tendons. Swelling, pain, and discoloration of the skin may be present. Severity is measured in grades

Front 34

Strain

Back 34

a lesser injury than a strain, usually described as an overuse or overstretching of a muscle.

Front 35

Subluxation

Back 35

if a bone is partially out of joint. It can be congenital or an acquired condition.

Front 36

Tendon

Back 36

Muscles are attached to bones by strong fibrous bands of connective tissue called Tendons

Front 37

Types of Bones

Back 37

Five types of bones - next five questions

Hint 37

None

Front 38

flat bones

Back 38

sternum (breastbone), scapula (shoulder blade)

Front 39

irregular bones

Back 39

vertbra (backbone), stapes (a bone in the ear)

Front 40

long bones

Back 40

humerus (upperarm bone), femur (thigh bone

Front 41

sesamoid bons

Back 41

patella (knee cap)

Front 42

short bones

Back 42

carpal (wrist bones), tarsel (ankle bone)

Front 43

Parts of the bone

Back 43

Parts of bones - next seven questions

Hint 43

None

Front 44

Bone Marrow

Back 44

Bone marrow (or medulla ossea) is the soft tissue found in the hollow interior of bones. It is the place where most new blood cells are produced. There are two types of bone marrow: red marrow (also known as myeloid tissue) and yellow marrow. Red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells arise in red marrow; some white blood cells develop in yellow marrow. The color of yellow marrow is due to the much higher number of fat cells. Both types of bone marrow contain numerous blood vessels and capillaries.

Hint 44

None

Front 45

Endosteum

Back 45

The inner aspect of the bones.

Front 46

Epiphyseal plate

Back 46

under the epiphysis. Area where bone growth normally occurs. about ages 16-25 bone growth stops. Epiphyseal plates close and bone growth stops.

Front 47

Epiphysis

Back 47

end of bones

Front 48

Medullary Cavity

Back 48

The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where yellow marrow (adipose tissue) is stored. Located in the main shaft of the bone (diaphysis), the medullary cavity has walls composed of compact bone and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum).
In an infant this area is involved in the formation of red blood cells, so red marrow is present.

Hint 48

None

Front 49

Metaphysis

Back 49

The epiphysis and epiphysis plate together form the Metaphysis. It lies between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis. It is adjacent to the epiphysis plate.

Front 50

Periosteum

Back 50

The outer covering of bone. Long bones except at the ends of the epiphyses. Has a large nerve supply as well. Other bones are also covered by Periosteum