Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
most mast cell tumor are diagnosed by |
FNA |
|
|
what might be a problem with FNA |
they may not stain well in diff quick mast cell attract other mast cells and eosinophils |
|
|
___ of mast cell tumors are benign, but the other ___ need pre-operative staging |
80% benign 20% |
|
|
pre-op staging is based on what |
CBC/chem regional LNs abdominal US check for other MCTs (chest rads and BM aspirate rarely done) |
|
|
what would MCT look like in the liver or spleen |
reticulated pattern (like lymphoma) |
|
|
why is it so important to look for other bumps |
when there is one MCT the animal has a 30-50% chance of getting another |
|
|
what might make you think about doing a MB aspirate |
less than 2% have BM involvement and these animals are usually systemically sick |
|
|
why is surgical planning hard with MCTs |
the best surgical margin is based on dose and this is dependent on tumor grade which is not known until after surgery |
|
|
what things should you consider when working out the surgical margins |
-- how easy would it be to go back to this are for more sx (consider the scar after surgery -- is this a boxer that is very likely to get more of these masses (don't want to run out of skin) -- don't forget to go 1 fascial plane down |
|
|
how are mast cell tumors graded |
there are two grading systems -- patnaik: 3 tiers -- kiupel: 2 tiers |
|
|
what is the down side of the three tier system |
most tumors fall into the grade 2 grey zone |
|
|
what are the grading systems based off of |
|
|
|
how can cytology be used as a prognostic factor |
mitotic index -- < 5 mitotic figures / 10 hpf = 70 mths -- > 5 mitotic figures / 10 hpf = 2 months regardless of grade |
|
|
what clinical things can be prognostic indicators |
growth rate, greater than 3 cm, ulcerated, systemic signs, recurrence, age, breed, multiple tumors, gender, response to therapy, previous chemo
anatomic location: MM, preputial, scrotal, oral, SC, conjunctival |
|
|
which breed is predisposed to MCTs |
brachycephalic breeds get a lot of MCTs, but they tend to be low grade and have a better prognosis |
|
|
what is the treatment plan for a high grade tumor |
surgery + chemo + RT surgery w/ clean margins will still have mets |
|
|
adjuvent radiation therapy works best on what type of disease |
microscopic -- get rid of bulk disease first |
|
|
what about if you get clean margins on a low grade tumor |
no further tx needed |
|
|
dirty margins on a low grade tumor |
recut or RT |
|
|
clean margins on a high grade tumor |
chemo for mets. |
|
|
which type of tumor responds best to radiation |
round cell |
|
|
what meds could be used for palliative therapy |
-- H2 blockers (famotidine): mitigate histamone release and GI ulcers -- PPIs (omeprazole) -- H1 blockers (diphenhydramine): helps w/ local pruritis -- pred |
|
|
what might happen with pred use |
the tumor may shrink for a short time -- cut it off! |
|
|
how common are mast cell tumors in cats |
common - 10-20% of cutaneous tumors they are often benign |
|
|
where do MCTs occur in cats |
head and neck -- where there is not a lot of skin |
|
|
how would you diagnose a MCT in the cat |
same as the dog -- FNA |
|
|
what are the two types of mast cell tumors in the cat |
-- mastocytic tumors in older animals -- histiocytic tumors in younger animals |
|
|
when would you stage a tumor in the cat |
when there are multiple cutaneous tumors, visceral tumors, RLN involvement (most are solitary benign tumors) |
|
|
how would you treat the solitary benign tumors |
punch them out and submit them to make sure they are benign |
|
|
what is something that could be used to stage the cat, but not the dog |
buffy coat -- mast cells are not seen in the peripheral blood of sick cats |
|
|
how would mast cell tumors be treated in the cat |
surgical removal + radiation w/ incomplete resection (don't usually need chemo) |
|
|
what would be the clinical signs in a feline splenic mast cell tumors |
anorexia, weight loss, V, lethargy |
|
|
how would staging be done in these cats |
abdominal US, BM exam, CBC, chem |
|
|
how would these cats be treated |
splenectomy w/ chemo (survival 12 months) |
