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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A skilled professional touch applied with intelligence, control and purpose. It is simple but capable of producing specific physiological effects
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Touch
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Types of touch
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Passive Touch
Pressure Touch Nerve Compression |
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Lightly touching the part with one or more fingers with teh whole hand or both hands
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Passive Touch
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Physiological effects of passive touch
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Elevation of temperature of part
It's reflexive(hypnotic effect) Possible electrical effects |
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Therapeutic applications of passive touch
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Hypersensitiviy
Nervous irritability Pain parathesia (Abnormal Sensation) Insomnia |
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Light or heavey pressure with the whole of one or both hands or with one or more fingers, upon the head, a joint, or some swollen, irritated part, or any part of the body
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Pressure touch (ischemic compression) Stimulate
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Physiological effects of pressure touch
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To diminish swelling and congestion
emptying blood vessels ( mechanical) Benumbing nerves (reflexive) |
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Therapeutic applications of pressure touch
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Swelling
Violent headaches, toothaches, and swollen joint Pain |
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Strong pressure mad upon a nerve trunk, usually at a motor point
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Nerve Compression
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Physiological effects of nerve compression
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Light intermittant (reflexive) (stimulates) 2-3 sec hold
5-6 sec interval 4-5 times repeat Firm deep (sedates) |
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Therapeutic application of nerve compression
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Hypersensitivity
Neuralgia (nerve pain) Sciatica |
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Touch combined with motion. Any fingertips or palmar surface of oneor both hands is moved gently over the skin with light contact. Movement not more than 1-2 inches per second, one direction only following the arterial blood flow (not even the full weight of the hand is allowed to rest upon the suface. The wrist is flexible. The movement is even and slow and perfectly uniform in relation to pressure and time
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Stroking
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What direction is Stroking
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Always Centrifugal (Proximal to distal)
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What is the lightest procedure and slowest
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Stroking
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Types of Stroking
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Digital
Palmer Knuckle Reflex stroking |
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The tips of one two, three or al lthe fingers. The fingers should be slightly aprart, a little curved and certainly flexible so as to make light contact ( forehead and spine)
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Digital Stroking (Reflexive)
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The entire palmer surface of one or both hands (Broad fleshly parts, joints, soles of feet
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Palmar (Reflexive)
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The hand is closed, and the knuckles of the second joints of the fingers are applied. Uses greater amount of pressure than other stroking. Knuckle on back *pressure is like friction
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Knuckle stroking
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Light stroking applied to areas of the body that are sensitive or ticklish. The light stroking causes a muscular contraction due to a reflex arc through the spinal cord. Use finger nail
the end of a lead pencil a wooden toothpick, head of a pin |
Reflex stroking
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Reflex stroking
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Epigastric
Abdominal Cremasteric Gluteal Plantar |
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Epigastric and T.A.'s
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Cord segment T5-7
Sides of chest ribs 4-6 Hypopepsia Motor insufficiency of stomach |
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Abdominal and T.A. 's
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Cord segment T8-12
Side of abdomen inferior to superior constipation Increase perlstaltic activity |
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Cremasteric and T.A.'s
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Cord segment L1-3
The upper and inner portion of thigh Loss of tone in Rectum and bladder Weakness in any genito-urinary function |
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Gluteal and T.A.'s
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Cord segment L4-5
Skin overlying gluteals Loss of tone in Rectum and bladder Weakness in any genito-urinary function |
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Plantar and T.A.'s
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Cord Segment S5-6
sole of foot Loss of tone in Rectum and bladder Weakness in any genito-urinary function to improve innervation of lower extremity muscles |
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Physiological effects of stroking digital and palmar
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Has sedative effect ( centrifugal direction)
To diminish blood supply (rubbed down after violent exercise or race Sedates cutaneous nerves (reflexive) |
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Physiological effects of knuckle stroking
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Stimulation (stimulates posterior branches of spinal nerves and spinal centers)
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Physiological effects of reflex stroking
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Stimulating
Reflexive |
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Stroking T.A.'s
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Cutaneous Congestion
Hypersensitiveness Nervous Headache Neuralgic Pains Nymbness, formication Paraesthesis neurasthein Pain |
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Thumb, or the whole part of the palmar surface of the hand is moved over the surface with considerable pressure and the rate varies from 30-180 per minute. Never so much that the hand does not slip easily over the surace or interferes with the arterial blood flow. Heavy over thick fleshy masses, light over bony surfaces and thin tissues
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Friciton
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Types of friction
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Centripetal
Circular Spiral Rotary Centrifugal |
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Both hands alternately wring or twist extremities (the gentle, gliding, "indian burn") from distal to proximal, used on the extremities
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Circular
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One hand, to drain veins centripetally (little like a snake)
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Spiral
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For broad sufaces (i.e. back, hip) use elliptical or circular movements
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Rotary
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Towards the heart, with the veins, increases circulation promotes absorption) metabolic
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Centripetal
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Away from the heart, with the arteries, decrease circulation Sedative and derivative effects on viscera and nerve centers
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Centrifugal
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Veins affected by spiral friction
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Radial Vein
Lateral and anterior portion of forearm Ulnar vein along the anterior and posterior aspect of inner border of forearm Median vein along the middle of anterior surface of forearm Cephalic vein along the outside of the arm Basilic vein along the inner side of the arm next to the body Long (great) Saphenous vein From the instep (anterior to medial malleolus) along the anterior and inner portion of leg ot the groin Short (small) saphenous vein Posterior to lateral malleous onthe outer and posterior portionof leg to the bend in the knee |
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Physilogical effects of friction
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Reflex or stimulative
Effects vasomotor centers Increases peripheral circulation Reflex effects are increased without lubricant Mechanical effect of friction Mechanical effects are increased with lubricant Moving and placing displaced viscera Moves blood empties and refills jt movement and warming fascia |
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What does friction alternate with
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Kneading
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Cerebral Congestion with insominia both extremities
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Brain/Spine/lungs both extremites
Liver portal legs only Pelvic pain lower back |
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Principle effect of friction
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Is upon Superficail veins and large venous trunks, and lymph spaces and vessels
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T.A.'s Friction
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Cold surface
Cerebral congestion with insominia swelling (Absorption) Gout Pelvic pain Lower back pain (cetrifugal friction) Rheumatism Sciatica skin impariments (jaundince, hidebound skin, tawny, dingy) Raynauds Sprain Skin Sciatic Swelling |
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Alternate and intermitttent compressionof tissues by grasping or compressing tissues against underlying bony surfaces. (differs from friction because hand does not slide over the skin surface) Best procedure for producing "alternative effect" (change)
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Kneading
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Types of Kneading
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Superficial Kneading (Fulling)
Deep Kneading (Petrissage) digital palmar Rolling Wringing Chucking Fist |
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Skin is compressed between the thum and finger and lifted from the underlying bone or muscel being released when the strain is greatest (flea picking)
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Fulling
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What is the direction of fulling
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apply fulling transversely to the longitudinal lines of the body. does not matter the direction
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Physiological Effects
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Stimulates all functions of the skin
Empties and refills superficial lymph and blood vessels ( Mechanical) Breaks up adhesions in skin and underlying fascia, allowing access to underlying muscles |
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T.A.'s Superficial kneading
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Swelling, Edema
Any skin impariment (hidebound, jaundiced, dry, inactive, inelastic, scarring, tight and inflexible |
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Deep kneading (Petrissage Muscle)
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Most powerful metabolic effect of any procedure
Most powerful way to stimulate heat production in muscles Kneading stimulates vital activities of nerves, blood vessels, glands, cell exhange |
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Grasp muscels between the fingers and thenar eminence. Spueeze, lift, roll and stretch muscles in an upward direction (from the insertion to the origin of muscle)
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Deep kneading (petrissage)
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Tissue is pressed firmly against bone and rolled to and fro by one or two hadns. fingers extended and together hands do not slip on skin
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Rolling
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Do you do the whole limb in rolling
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Yes must do the whole limb in rolling
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What is the direction of rolling
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Proximal to distal (centrifugal)
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What is the rate
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200-400 per minute
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Can rolling be done with one hand
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Yes can be done with one hand
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Grasp limb with both hands, wring or twist (chicken dance)
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Wringing
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What is the direction of wringing
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Proximal to distal, centrifugal
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What is the rate
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Not to exceed 30 per minute
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What is the application of Wringing
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Arms and legs only
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The limb is supported by one hand while the other firmly grasps the fleshy portion and drags it fist upwardly, and then downwardly, in the direction of th e long axis of the limb
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Chucking
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What is the direction of chucking
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first upward then downward
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What is the rate
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2-6 times
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What is the application of chucking
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Arms
legs scalp (for scalp use one or both hands |
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Use the knuckles of closed fist, compress the deep tissues of abdomen.It is only used on the abdomen, along the colon
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Fist kneading
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What is th e direction of fist kneading
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Not to exceed 30 per minute
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Application of fist kneading
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Abdomen only
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The ens of the fingers or thumbs rub and press tissue against underlying bony surfaces
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Digital kneading
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Application of digital kneading
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Joints
spine head face Abdomen (colonic massage) Centripetal |
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The heel of the hand or the whole plamar surface compresses the tissue against underlying structures. Greast force can be obtained by using the heel of the hand. this procedure is usually done using hand in alternation
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Palmar kneading
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What is the rate
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30-90 strokes per minute
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What is the application of palmar kneading
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chiefly affects muscels of back, chest abdomen
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Physiological effects of deep kneading
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Mechanically-the alternate compression and relaxation (suction and pumpming) of the muscle forces the old blood and toxins onward and draw in freshly oxygenated blood
Relfex-vasodilation of blood vessels caused by reflex nervous action Metabolicly-kneading causes release of acetycholine (neurotransmitter excitatory at neuromuscular junctions Kneading casuses release of histamine substance found in many cells results in vasodilation kneading stimulates all viatl activites of nthe nerves, blood vessels, glands and cell exchanges |
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T.A.'s deep kneading
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Carpal Tunnel (digital)
Convulsive Tic Gout (non acute) Locomotor ataxia Muscular rigdity (chucking) Neruasthenia (nerve exhaustion Neuralgia (nerve pain) paralysis Rheumatis Scalp Immobilty (chucking) Sciatica Sprain (non acute) circulation Weak muscle |
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contraindications of kneading
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Contagious skin disorders (posion ivy, ringworm, acne infected pores)
Recent concussion surgery significant fever, higher than 101 degrees Cancer, unless supervised by medical professional Advanced kidney failure any acute circulatory or heart problem (embolism, thromboisis) recent stroke not yet stabilized |
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Contraindications of for friction
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Contagious skin disorders (posion ivy, ringworm
acne infected pores Recent concussion Very recent cranial or facial surgery Fever 101 or more Boneor lymphatic cancer |
